Chapter 23.4, Problem 23.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the compound should be drawn for 2,2-Dimethyl-3-hexene.

Concept introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix- Denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule.  It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.  To add suffix to name a compound, the suffix “-ane” in the parent alkane is replaced by the respective suffix, which corresponds to the functional group present in the given compound.  For carboxylic acid, suffix “-oic” will be added, for alcohol, suffix “-ol” will be added and so on

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

Alkenes are one of the important types of hydrocarbon which have at least one carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$ ). According to the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry the name of an alkane ends with ene. Alkenes have a general formula $C_n{H}_{2n}$ where n is the number of carbon atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the compound should be drawn for 4-Isopropyl-2-heptyne.

Concept introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix- Denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule.  It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.  To add suffix to name a compound, the suffix “-ane” in the parent alkane is replaced by the respective suffix, which corresponds to the functional group present in the given compound.  For carboxylic acid, suffix “-oic” will be added, for alcohol, suffix “-ol” will be added and so on

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

Alkynes are one of the important types of hydrocarbon which have at least one carbon-carbon triple bond ($C\equiv C$ ). According to the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry the name of an alkane ends with yne. Alkenes have a general formula $C_n{H}_{2n-2}$ where n is the number of carbon atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the compound should be drawn for trans-3-heptene.

Concept introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix- Denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule.  It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.  To add suffix to name a compound, the suffix “-ane” in the parent alkane is replaced by the respective suffix, which corresponds to the functional group present in the given compound.  For carboxylic acid, suffix “-oic” will be added, for alcohol, suffix “-ol” will be added and so on

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

Alkenes are one of the important types of hydrocarbon which have at least one carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$ ). According to the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry the name of an alkane ends with ene. Alkenes have a general formula $C_n{H}_{2n}$ where n is the number of carbon atom.

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:

The functional groups are in the same side of the carbon chain is called cis isomer. The functional groups are in opposite to each other in the carbon chain is called trans isomer. Two similar functional groups are in same side which is called as Z-isomer. Two similar functional groups are opposite side which is called as E-isomer.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the compound should be drawn for cis-2-methyl-3-hexene.

Concept introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.

Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix- Denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule.  It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.  To add suffix to name a compound, the suffix “-ane” in the parent alkane is replaced by the respective suffix, which corresponds to the functional group present in the given compound.  For carboxylic acid, suffix “-oic” will be added, for alcohol, suffix “-ol” will be added and so on

Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:

The functional groups are in the same side of the carbon chain is called cis isomer. The functional groups are in opposite to each other in the carbon chain is called trans isomer. Two similar functional groups are in same side which is called as Z-isomer. Two similar functional groups are opposite side which is called as E-isomer.