
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of the cyclooctane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
Naming of Cycloalkane using
Use the Cycloalkane name as the parent.
Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted
Identify and number the substituents.
The group which has alphabetical priority should be numbered first and proceed around the ring in a direction in which the second substituent gets the lowest possible number.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of the 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
Naming of Cycloalkane using IUPAC nomenclature:
Use the Cycloalkane name as the parent.
Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted alkanes. There is no need to assign a number if there is one substituent on the ring.
Identify and number the substituents.
The group which has alphabetical priority should be numbered first and proceed around the ring in a direction in which the second substituent gets the lowest possible number.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of the 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylcyclobutane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
Naming of Cycloalkane using IUPAC nomenclature:
Use the Cycloalkane name as the parent.
Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted alkanes. There is no need to assign a number if there is one substituent on the ring.
Identify and number the substituents.
The group which has alphabetical priority should be numbered first and proceed around the ring in a direction in which the second substituent gets the lowest possible number.
(d)
Interpretation:
The structure of the 4-Ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
Naming of Cycloalkane using IUPAC nomenclature:
Use the Cycloalkane name as the parent.
Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted alkanes. There is no need to assign a number if there is one substituent on the ring.
Identify and number the substituents.
The group which has alphabetical priority should be numbered first and proceed around the ring in a direction in which the second substituent gets the lowest possible number.

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Chapter 23 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
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