Chapter 23, Problem 23.89SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The names and structures of the products formed when the given lipid reacts aqueous $KOH$ have to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ester: One $-OR\text{'}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOR\text{'}$. The hydrogen atom of $-COOH$ is replaced by an alkyl group.

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

• Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$, ester reacts wither water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.
• Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as $NaOH$ or $KOH$ is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid salt.