Chapter 23, Problem 23.70SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of methyl pentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In chemistry structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones>}\text{alcolhols>thiols>}\text{amines}\text{>}\\ \text{ethers>alkenes>alkyl}\text{halides>alkanes}\end{array}$

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Ester: One $-OR\text{'}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOR\text{'}$. The hydrogen atom of $-COOH$ is replaced by an alkyl group.

In case of carboxylic esters “–oic acid”is replaced by “esters “-oate” is to be written. The first part of the name indicates the alkyl group in the $RCO-$ part. The second part is the parent acid it is the alkyl group which replaces the hydrogen on the $-COOH$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of isopropyl 2-methylbutanoate has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In chemistry structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones>}\text{alcolhols>thiols>}\text{amines}\text{>}\\ \text{ethers>alkenes>alkyl}\text{halides>alkanes}\end{array}$

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Ester: One $-OR\text{'}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOR\text{'}$. The hydrogen atom of $-COOH$ is replaced by an alkyl group.

In case of carboxylic esters “–oic acid”is replaced by “esters “-oate” is to be written. The first part of the name indicates the alkyl group in the $RCO-$ part. The second part is the parent acid it is the alkyl group which replaces the hydrogen on the $-COOH$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of cyclohexyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In chemistry structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones>}\text{alcolhols>thiols>}\text{amines}\text{>}\\ \text{ethers>alkenes>alkyl}\text{halides>alkanes}\end{array}$

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Ester: One $-OR\text{'}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOR\text{'}$. The hydrogen atom of $-COOH$ is replaced by an alkyl group.

In case of carboxylic esters “–oic acid”is replaced by “esters “-oate” is to be written. The first part of the name indicates the alkyl group in the $RCO-$ part. The second part is the parent acid it is the alkyl group which replaces the hydrogen on the $-COOH$

Naming of Cycloalkane using IUPAC nomenclature:

Use the Cycloalkane name as the parent.

Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted alkanes. There is no need to assign a number if there is one substituent on the ring.

Identify and number the substituents.

The group which has alphabetical priority should be numbered first and proceed around the ring in a direction in which the second substituent gets the lowest possible number