Chapter 23, Problem 23.80SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural difference between an aldose and a ketose should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and they the polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.

Carbohydrates with aldehyde as their most oxidized functional group are called aldoses, whereas those with a keto as their most oxidized functional group are called ketose.

A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms other than a $C-CorC-H$ bond. It is the reactive part of the molecule and important to determining its physical properties.

Some functional groups are listed below,

$\begin{array}{cc}Name& Functionalgroup\\ Alcohols& R-OH\\ Ethers& R-O-R^{\text{'}}\\ Aldehydes& R-CHO\\ Ketone& R-CO-R^{\text{'}}\\ A\min e& R-N{H}_2,R_{2}NH,R_{3}N\end{array}$