Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 3-Ethylhexane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(b)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(c)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(d)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 5-isopropyl-2-methyloctane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 23 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
- Q1. (a) Draw equations for homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the N-H bond in NH3. Use curved arrows to show the electron movement. (b) Draw equations for homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the N-H bond in NH4*. Use curved arrows to show the electron movement.arrow_forwardWhich is NOT the typical size of a bacteria? 1000 nm 0.001 mm 0.01 mm 1 umarrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Show work. don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwardPart II. count the expected number of signals in the 1H-NMR spectrum of these compounds HO 0 одев * Cl -cl "D"arrow_forwardPart I. Create a splitting tree diagram to predict the multiplet pattern of proton Hb in the compound below: 3 (Assume that "Jab >>> ³JbC) Ha Hb He он Ha NH2 Ha HCarrow_forward
- SH 0 iq noitzouDarrow_forwardNonearrow_forward+ HCl →? Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonas), Atoms and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. + M C + H± 2D EXP. CONT. K ? L 1 H₁₂C [1] A HCN O S CH3 CH 3 CI Br HC H₂ CH CH CH3 - P Farrow_forward
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning