Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 21, Problem 72SDP
Recall that the chip-formation
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In machining a mild steel work piece with carbide tool, the life of the tool was
found to be 1 hour and 40 minutes, at a spindle speed of 30 m/min. Calculate the
tool life if it has to be operated at a speed of 40% higher than the initial cutting
speed. Also calculate the cutting speed if the tool is required to have a life of
2 hours and 45 minutes. Assume Taylor's exponent valuen is 0.28.
A turning machining experiment was performed at the UCSI University's
Mechanical Engineering workshop using a lathe machine with palm oil as
lubricant. It was observed that during the entire machining, the technician set
cutting tool perpendicular to the direction of tool motion. A further investigation
revealed that the tool rake angle was 25° while the dynamometer results'
analysis showed that the frictional force and the normal force to the friction was
5 kN and 25 kN respectively. Analyze how the chip thickness will be affected
if the machining is performed without any lubricant and the frictional force is
increased by 100 %. Assume that, all other parameters were kept constant during
the entire operation for both machining with lubricant and the dry machining
process.
In an orthogonal cutting test with a bar of 75 mm diameter is reduced to 73 mm by using a HSS tool with arake angle = 10o, following observations were made: length of the chip, lc = 69.44 mm, cutting ratio r =0.3, the horizontal component of the cutting force, FH = 1450 N, and the vertical component of the cuttingforce, FV = 850 N. The various parameters recorded in this cutting operation are: depth of cut, d = 2 mm;feed rate, f = 0.3 mm/rev, cutting speed, V = 60 m/min. Using Merchant’s theory calculate the following:1) Friction force along rake face2) Normal force acting on rake face3) Shear force along the shear plane4) Normal force acting on shear plane5) The percentage error in shear angle predicted by Merchant’s theory6) Shear velocity7) Chip velocity8) Total work done9) The shear work proportion out of the total work done10) The friction work proportion out of the total work done
Chapter 21 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 21 - Explain why continuous chips are not necessarily...Ch. 21 - Name the factors that contribute to the formation...Ch. 21 - What is the cutting ratio? Is it always less than...Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between positive and...Ch. 21 - Explain how a dull tool can lead to negative rake...Ch. 21 - Comment on the role and importance relief angle.Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between discontinuous chips...Ch. 21 - Why should we be interested in the magnitude of...Ch. 21 - What are the differences between orthogonal and...Ch. 21 - What is a BUE? Why does it form?
Ch. 21 - Is there any advantage to having a built-up edge...Ch. 21 - What is the function of chip breakers? How do they...Ch. 21 - Identify the forces involved in a cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the characteristics of different types of...Ch. 21 - List the factors that contribute to poor surface...Ch. 21 - Explain what is meant by the term machinability...Ch. 21 - What is shaving in machining? When would it be...Ch. 21 - List reasons that machining operations may be...Ch. 21 - Are the locations of maximum temperature and...Ch. 21 - Is material ductility important for machinability?...Ch. 21 - Explain why studying the types of chips produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22QLPCh. 21 - Tool life can be almost infinite at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the consequences of allowing temperatures...Ch. 21 - The cutting force increases with the depth of cut...Ch. 21 - Why is it not always advisable to increase the...Ch. 21 - What are the consequences if a cutting tool chips?Ch. 21 - What are the effects of performing a cutting...Ch. 21 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding Figs. 21.1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 21 - Why does the temperature in cutting depend on the...Ch. 21 - You will note that the values of a and b in Eq....Ch. 21 - Prob. 38QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 39QLPCh. 21 - Explain whether it is desirable to have a high or...Ch. 21 - The Taylor tool-life equation is directly...Ch. 21 - Prob. 42QLPCh. 21 - Why are tool temperatures low at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Can high-speed machining be performed without the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QLPCh. 21 - State whether or not the following statements are...Ch. 21 - Let n = 0.5 and C = 400 in the Taylor equation for...Ch. 21 - Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QTPCh. 21 - Using trigonometric relationships, derive an...Ch. 21 - An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 55QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 56QTPCh. 21 - Show that, for the same shear angle, there are two...Ch. 21 - With appropriate diagrams, show how the use of a...Ch. 21 - In a cutting operation using a 5 rake angle, the...Ch. 21 - For a turning operation using a ceramic cutting...Ch. 21 - In Example 21.3, if the cutting speed V is...Ch. 21 - Using Eq. (21.30), select an appropriate feed for...Ch. 21 - With a carbide tool, the temperature in a cutting...Ch. 21 - The following flank wear data were collected in a...Ch. 21 - The following data are available from orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 66QTPCh. 21 - Design an experimental setup whereby orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Describe your thoughts on whether chips produced...Ch. 21 - Recall that cutting tools can be designed so that...Ch. 21 - Recall that the chip-formation mechanism also can...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73SDPCh. 21 - Describe your thoughts regarding the recycling of...Ch. 21 - List products that can be directly produced from...Ch. 21 - Obtain a wood planer and some wood specimens. Show...Ch. 21 - It has been noted that the chips from certain...Ch. 21 - As we have seen, chips carry away the majority of...
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- 8 - Orthogonal cutting is performed on a metal whose mass specific heat = 1.0 J/g-C, density 2.9 g/cm3, and thermal diffusivity = 0.8 cm2/s. The cutting speed is 4.5 m/s, uncut chip thickness (feed) is 0.25 mm, and width of cut (depth) is 2.2 mm. The cutting force is measured at 1170 N. Using Cook's equation, determine the cutting temperature. a) 417.09 b) O 707.60 C) 528.03 d) O 316.82 Boş bırakarrow_forwardDetermine the time required to turn a brass component 50 mm diameter and 100 mm long at a cutting speed of 36 m/min. the feed is 0.4 and only one cut is taken.arrow_forwardOrthogonal cutting is performed on a metal whose mass specific heat = 1.0 J/g-C, density = 2.9 g/cm, and thermal diffusivity = 0.8 cm2/s. Cutting speed = 3.5 m/s, uncut chip thickness = 0.25 mm, and width of cut = 2.2 mm. Cutting force = 950 N. Determine the cutting temperature if the ambient temperature = 22°C.arrow_forward
- (b) During a certain machining experiment at the UCSI workshop, it is observed that temperature at the tool workpiece interface is 1200 °C at a cutting speed of 300 mm/min with a feed rate of 0.002 mm/rev. (1) Analyse how the temperature will be affected if the cutting speed is increased by 100 %. (ii) Detemine the cutting speed necessary to achieve a maximum cutting temperature of 900 °C.arrow_forwardDraw the forces and angles involved in the cutting process and calculate shear angle (0), friction coefficient and tangential force if ,cutting force = 80 kN, resultant of forces =100kN, friction force=75kN, rake angle =20° undeformed chip thickness = 0.65mm and deformed chip thickness = 0.72mmarrow_forward2. The following data was obtained from an orthogonal cutting test: Rake angle = 20° Cutting speed = 100 m/min Chip length before cutting = 29.4 mm Chip length after cutting = 12.9 mm Vertical cutting force 1050 N Horizontal cutting force = 630 N Using Merchant's analysis, calculate (a) resultant force (c) friction force and friction angle (b) shear plane angle (d) total work donearrow_forward
- hi solve only if you are 100 % confident of 100 % correct answerarrow_forwardA process engineer is trying to improve the life of a cutting tool. He has run a 23 experiment using (1) cutting speed, (2) metal hardness, (3) and cutting angle as the factors. The data from the 2 replicates are shown below. (a) Do any of the 3 factors affect tool life? (b)what combination of the factor levels produces the longest tool life? (c) Is there a combination of cutting speed and cutting angle that always gives good results regardless of metal hardness? Replicate Run I II (1) 221 311 a 325 435 b 354 348 ab 552 472 c 440 453 ac 406 377 bc 605 500 abc 392 419arrow_forwardA student is performing a turning operation with a workpiece with an initial diameter of 40 mm to produce a 30 mm diameter rod that is 100 mm long. The lathe power is 20 kW and is operating on 85% mechanical efficiency. If the student set the cutting speed to 0.5 m/min and the cutting tool is set to have a rake angle of 5 degrees: a.) What material can we choose for the rod is the coefficient of friction is 0.5? b.) If we select 4130 normalized heat-treated steel for the rod, and coefficient of friction is 0.5, what will the maximum depth of cut we can achieve?arrow_forward
- Hello, in the second case it was said that 80% of Ore is grinded to a particle size of below 0.4mm. I would like to know why 0.9 mm was chosen as the feed size in the second case.arrow_forwardA 600mm*30mm flat surface of a plate is to be finish machined on a shaper .The plate has been fixed with 600 mm side along the tool travel direction. If the tool over-travel at each end of the plate is 20 mm, average cutting speed is 8 m/min, feed rate is 0.3 mm/stroke and the ratio of return time to cutting time of the tool is 1:2 Determine time required for machining?arrow_forward(e) Briefly describe types of chips that occur in metal cutting. (f) For orthogonal cutting, the tool rake angle =15°. The chip thickness before the cut is 0.30mm and the cut yields a deformed chip thickness = 0.65mm. Calculate the shear plane angle and shear strain.arrow_forward
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