Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 47QLP
State whether or not the following statements are true, explaining your reasons: (a) For the same shear angle, there are two rake angles that give the same cutting ratio. (b) For the same depth of cut and rake angle, the type of cutting fluid used has no influence on chip thickness. (c) If the cutting speed, shear angle, and rake angle are known, the chip velocity can be calculated. (d) The chip becomes thinner as the rake angle increases. (e) The function of a chip breaker is to decrease the curvature of the chip.
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The following data was obtained from an
orthogonal cutting test.
Rake angle = 20° Depth of cut = 6 mm
Feed rate = 0.25 mm/rev Cutting speed = 0.6
m/s
Chip length before cutting = 29.4 mm
Vertical cutting force = 1050 N
Horizontal cutting force = 630 N
Chip length after cutting = 12.9 mm
Using Merchant's analysis, calculate
(a) Magnitude of resultant force, (b) shear plane
angle, (c) friction force and friction angle, and (d)
various energies consumed.
2. The following data was obtained from an orthogonal cutting test:
Rake angle = 20°
Cutting speed = 100 m/min
Chip length before cutting = 29.4 mm
Chip length after cutting = 12.9 mm
Vertical cutting force
1050 N
Horizontal cutting force = 630 N
Using Merchant's analysis, calculate
(a) resultant force
(c) friction force and friction angle
(b) shear plane angle
(d) total work done
Question 4. The following data are available from orthogonal cutting experiments. The depth of
cut (feed) to = 0.13 mm, width of cut b = 2.5 mm, rake angle a = - 5°, and cutting speed V = 2
m/s.
Chip thickness, t. (mm) = 0.23
Cutting force, F. (N) = 430
Thrust force, F; (N) = 280
Determine the shear angle ð, friction coefficient u , shear stress t, shear strain y on the shear
plane, chip velocity Ve, and shear velocity Vs, as well as energies uf ,Ug, and u
Chapter 21 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 21 - Explain why continuous chips are not necessarily...Ch. 21 - Name the factors that contribute to the formation...Ch. 21 - What is the cutting ratio? Is it always less than...Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between positive and...Ch. 21 - Explain how a dull tool can lead to negative rake...Ch. 21 - Comment on the role and importance relief angle.Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between discontinuous chips...Ch. 21 - Why should we be interested in the magnitude of...Ch. 21 - What are the differences between orthogonal and...Ch. 21 - What is a BUE? Why does it form?
Ch. 21 - Is there any advantage to having a built-up edge...Ch. 21 - What is the function of chip breakers? How do they...Ch. 21 - Identify the forces involved in a cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the characteristics of different types of...Ch. 21 - List the factors that contribute to poor surface...Ch. 21 - Explain what is meant by the term machinability...Ch. 21 - What is shaving in machining? When would it be...Ch. 21 - List reasons that machining operations may be...Ch. 21 - Are the locations of maximum temperature and...Ch. 21 - Is material ductility important for machinability?...Ch. 21 - Explain why studying the types of chips produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22QLPCh. 21 - Tool life can be almost infinite at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the consequences of allowing temperatures...Ch. 21 - The cutting force increases with the depth of cut...Ch. 21 - Why is it not always advisable to increase the...Ch. 21 - What are the consequences if a cutting tool chips?Ch. 21 - What are the effects of performing a cutting...Ch. 21 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding Figs. 21.1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 21 - Why does the temperature in cutting depend on the...Ch. 21 - You will note that the values of a and b in Eq....Ch. 21 - Prob. 38QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 39QLPCh. 21 - Explain whether it is desirable to have a high or...Ch. 21 - The Taylor tool-life equation is directly...Ch. 21 - Prob. 42QLPCh. 21 - Why are tool temperatures low at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Can high-speed machining be performed without the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QLPCh. 21 - State whether or not the following statements are...Ch. 21 - Let n = 0.5 and C = 400 in the Taylor equation for...Ch. 21 - Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QTPCh. 21 - Using trigonometric relationships, derive an...Ch. 21 - An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 55QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 56QTPCh. 21 - Show that, for the same shear angle, there are two...Ch. 21 - With appropriate diagrams, show how the use of a...Ch. 21 - In a cutting operation using a 5 rake angle, the...Ch. 21 - For a turning operation using a ceramic cutting...Ch. 21 - In Example 21.3, if the cutting speed V is...Ch. 21 - Using Eq. (21.30), select an appropriate feed for...Ch. 21 - With a carbide tool, the temperature in a cutting...Ch. 21 - The following flank wear data were collected in a...Ch. 21 - The following data are available from orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 66QTPCh. 21 - Design an experimental setup whereby orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Describe your thoughts on whether chips produced...Ch. 21 - Recall that cutting tools can be designed so that...Ch. 21 - Recall that the chip-formation mechanism also can...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73SDPCh. 21 - Describe your thoughts regarding the recycling of...Ch. 21 - List products that can be directly produced from...Ch. 21 - Obtain a wood planer and some wood specimens. Show...Ch. 21 - It has been noted that the chips from certain...Ch. 21 - As we have seen, chips carry away the majority of...
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- Question 3. State whether or not the following statements are true, explaining your reasons: 3.a. For the same shear angle, there are two rake angles that give the same cutting ratio, 3.b. For the same depth of cut and rake angle, the type of cutting fluid used has no influence on chip thickness, 3.c. If the cutting speed, shear angle, and rake angle are known, the chip velocity can be calculated, 3.d. The chip becomes thinner as the rake angle increases, 3.e. The function of a chip breaker is to decrease the curvature of the chip.arrow_forward3) The following data are available from orthogonal cutting experiment, Depth of cut t, = 0.13 mm, width of cut w = 2.5 mm, rake angle a = -5°, cutting speed v = 2 m/s, Chip thickness, t= 0.23 mm, cutting force, F. = 430 N, thrust force, F = 280 N. Determine the following: Shear angle Friction Coefficient u (using F= µ N) Shear Stress t,S Shear strain y on the shear plane. Power required to perform the operation. Gross power required if the efficiency of the machine is 85%. Specific Energy, Utarrow_forwardExamples (homework) 1. In orthogonal cutting if the depth of cut is a 1.25 mm and chip thickness after cutting is 2 mm, determine the following: i.Chip thickness ratio. ii.Shear angle. If rake angle is 10. 2. If shear strength is 6000 kg/cm2, width of cut is 10mm, cutting speed is 30 m/min, coefficient of friction is 0.9 Determine the following: i.Shearing force. •Friction angle. •Cutting force.arrow_forward
- calculate the time taken to complete a 300 mm long cut on an aluminium plate using a 75 mm diameter slab mill with 6 teeth.arrow_forward(a) Draw and label the basic orthogonal cutting process model. The diagram must include cutting direction, shear plane, chip formation and all relevant angles. (b) An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried out under the following conditions: depth of cut, to = 0.1 mm, chip thickness, to 0.2 mm, width of cut = 4 mm, cutting speed, v = 3 m/s, rake angle, a = 10°, Cutting force, Fo = 5000 N, and Thrust force, Fi= 200 N. Calculate the percentage of the total energy that is dissipated in the shear plane of cutting process. *)arrow_forward1.) The rake angle in an orthogonal cutting operation is -5.736°. The chip thickness before the cut is 0.249 mm, and the resulting chip thickness after the cut is 0.762 mm. The chip thickness ratio is _ 2.) The rake angle in an orthogonal cutting operation is 17.995°. The chip thickness before the cut is 0.254 mm, and the resulting chip thickness after the cut is 0.595 mm. The shear plane angle is _ degrees. 3.) The rake angle in an orthogonal cutting operation is -2.804°. The chip thickness before the cut is 0.204 mm, and the resulting chip thickness after the cut is 0.556 mm. The shear strain is _. 4.) Microscopic examination of chips obtained from actual machining operations have revealed that they are produced by _. 5.) Low-carbon steel with 300 MPa tensile strength and 220 MPa shear strength is turned at 2.5 m/s cutting speed on a lathe. Feed (cutting width) is 0.20 mm/rev and depth of cut is 3.0 mm. Rake angle is 5°. The resulting chip ratio = 0.45. The cutting force is _ N…arrow_forward
- Rake angle=20 degree, Depth of cut=6 mm, Feed rate =0.25mm/rev,Cutting speed=0.6 m/s, chip length before cutting=29.4mm, vertical cutting force= 1050 NHorizontal cutting force=630, chip length after cutting=12.9Using Merchant’s analysis calculate(a) direction and magnitude of resultant force(b) friction force and friction angle(c) shear plane anglearrow_forwardQuestion 1: Explain the following terms and situations in metal cutting. Give enough explanation with figures if it is necessary. a) Up and down milling operations. What are the effects on the workpiece surface finish and machine tool? b) Orthogonal and oblique cutting. c) Cutting force diagram in orthogonal cutting. d) Theoretical prediction of shear angle in orthogonal cutting. e) Machinability. f) Force and chatter vibrations. How can you detect the vibration during the machining? How can you decide which type of the vibration you have? g) Mode shapes. Mode coupling. h) Process damping. Which parameters can affect the process damping? i) j) Regenerative chatter vibrations. k) Stability lobes. Question 2: How will the cutting force be affected by the following situations during the machining operation? Why? a) Large rake angle b) Small relief angle c) Large nose radius d) Sharp cutting edge e) Smooth rake face f) Hard workpiece material g) High cutting speed h) Large feed rate i)…arrow_forwardAn orthogonal cutting operation is performed using a rake angle of 15°, chip thickness before the cut = 0.012 in and width of cut = 0.100 in. The chip thickness ratio is measured after the cut to be 0.55. Determine (a) the chip thickness after the cut, (b) shear angle, (c) friction angle, (d) coefficient of friction, and (e) shear strain.arrow_forward
- 3. Draw the forces and angles involved in the cutting process and calculate shear angle (Ø), friction coefficient and tangential force if ,cutting force = 80 kN , resultant of forces =100kN , friction force=75kN, rake angle =20° undeformed chip thickness = 0.65mm and deformed chip thickness = 0.72mm .arrow_forwardDuring orthogonal cutting operation of material has shear strength 95.5 Mpa. The cutting force is more than thrust force by 10%. The rake angle = 5°, the width of the cut = 5.0 mm, the chip thickness before the cut = 0.6, and the chip thickness ratio = 0.38. Determine (a) both cutting force and thrust force and (b) the coefficient of friction in the operation.arrow_forwardQuestion 1. Provide brief explanations to each one of the following questions: 1.a. Explain why studying the types of chips produced is important in understanding cutting operations. 1.b. Describe the reasons for and advantages of coating cutting tools with multiple layers of different materials. What are the possible effects of these coatings on the developed chip during cutting process 1.c. Describe the reasons for and advantages of coating cutting tools with multiple layers of different materials. 1.d. Emulsion cutting fluids typically consist of 95% water and 5% soluble oil and chemical additives. Why is the ratio so unbalanced? Is the oil needed at all? 1.e. What is the difference between a live center and a dead center, when these terms are used in the context of workholding in a lathe?arrow_forward
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