Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 62QTP
Using Eq. (21.30), select an appropriate feed for R = 1 mm and a desired roughness of 0.5 μm. How would you adjust this feed to allow for nose wear of the tool during extended cuts? Explain your reasoning.
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In an orthogonal cutting test with a bar of 75 mm diameter is reduced to 73 mm by using a HSS tool with arake angle = 10o, following observations were made: length of the chip, lc = 69.44 mm, cutting ratio r =0.3, the horizontal component of the cutting force, FH = 1450 N, and the vertical component of the cuttingforce, FV = 850 N. The various parameters recorded in this cutting operation are: depth of cut, d = 2 mm;feed rate, f = 0.3 mm/rev, cutting speed, V = 60 m/min. Using Merchant’s theory calculate the following:1) Friction force along rake face2) Normal force acting on rake face3) Shear force along the shear plane4) Normal force acting on shear plane5) The percentage error in shear angle predicted by Merchant’s theory6) Shear velocity7) Chip velocity8) Total work done9) The shear work proportion out of the total work done10) The friction work proportion out of the total work done
Define specific energy for plane strain machining (cutting).
In plane-strain machỉning, the two main sources of energy dissipation are deformation along
the shear plane (~70%) and friction at the tool-chip contact along the rake face (~30%).
Consider machining of a rigid perfectly-plastic work material whose uniaxial yield stress is
700 MPa, and is independent of strain rate and temperature. A tool of zero-degree rake angle
is employed. Measurements showed the (deformed) chip thickness to be twice that of the
undeformed chip thickness. Based on the aforementioned distribution of energy, estimate the
specific energy for this process.
The outside diameter of a cylinder made of steel is to be turned. The starting diameter is 120 mm and the length is 1400 mm. The feed is 0.3 mm/rev and the depth of cut is 2.5mm. The cut will be made with a cemented carbide cutting tool whose Taylor tool life parameters are: n= 0.33 and C=500. Units for the Taylor equation are min for tool life and m/min for cutting speed. Compute the cutting speed that will allow the tool life to be just equal to the cutting time required to complete this turning operation.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 21 - Explain why continuous chips are not necessarily...Ch. 21 - Name the factors that contribute to the formation...Ch. 21 - What is the cutting ratio? Is it always less than...Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between positive and...Ch. 21 - Explain how a dull tool can lead to negative rake...Ch. 21 - Comment on the role and importance relief angle.Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between discontinuous chips...Ch. 21 - Why should we be interested in the magnitude of...Ch. 21 - What are the differences between orthogonal and...Ch. 21 - What is a BUE? Why does it form?
Ch. 21 - Is there any advantage to having a built-up edge...Ch. 21 - What is the function of chip breakers? How do they...Ch. 21 - Identify the forces involved in a cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the characteristics of different types of...Ch. 21 - List the factors that contribute to poor surface...Ch. 21 - Explain what is meant by the term machinability...Ch. 21 - What is shaving in machining? When would it be...Ch. 21 - List reasons that machining operations may be...Ch. 21 - Are the locations of maximum temperature and...Ch. 21 - Is material ductility important for machinability?...Ch. 21 - Explain why studying the types of chips produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22QLPCh. 21 - Tool life can be almost infinite at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the consequences of allowing temperatures...Ch. 21 - The cutting force increases with the depth of cut...Ch. 21 - Why is it not always advisable to increase the...Ch. 21 - What are the consequences if a cutting tool chips?Ch. 21 - What are the effects of performing a cutting...Ch. 21 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding Figs. 21.1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 21 - Why does the temperature in cutting depend on the...Ch. 21 - You will note that the values of a and b in Eq....Ch. 21 - Prob. 38QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 39QLPCh. 21 - Explain whether it is desirable to have a high or...Ch. 21 - The Taylor tool-life equation is directly...Ch. 21 - Prob. 42QLPCh. 21 - Why are tool temperatures low at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Can high-speed machining be performed without the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QLPCh. 21 - State whether or not the following statements are...Ch. 21 - Let n = 0.5 and C = 400 in the Taylor equation for...Ch. 21 - Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QTPCh. 21 - Using trigonometric relationships, derive an...Ch. 21 - An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 55QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 56QTPCh. 21 - Show that, for the same shear angle, there are two...Ch. 21 - With appropriate diagrams, show how the use of a...Ch. 21 - In a cutting operation using a 5 rake angle, the...Ch. 21 - For a turning operation using a ceramic cutting...Ch. 21 - In Example 21.3, if the cutting speed V is...Ch. 21 - Using Eq. (21.30), select an appropriate feed for...Ch. 21 - With a carbide tool, the temperature in a cutting...Ch. 21 - The following flank wear data were collected in a...Ch. 21 - The following data are available from orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 66QTPCh. 21 - Design an experimental setup whereby orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Describe your thoughts on whether chips produced...Ch. 21 - Recall that cutting tools can be designed so that...Ch. 21 - Recall that the chip-formation mechanism also can...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73SDPCh. 21 - Describe your thoughts regarding the recycling of...Ch. 21 - List products that can be directly produced from...Ch. 21 - Obtain a wood planer and some wood specimens. Show...Ch. 21 - It has been noted that the chips from certain...Ch. 21 - As we have seen, chips carry away the majority of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- During orthogonal cutting operation of material has shear strength 95.5 Mpa. The cutting force is more than thrust force by 10%. The rake angle = 5°, the width of the cut = 5.0 mm, the chip thickness before the cut = 0.6, and the chip thickness ratio = 0.38. Determine (a) both cutting force and thrust force and (b) the coefficient of friction in the operation.arrow_forwardIn machining a mild steel work piece with carbide tool, the life of the tool was found to be 1 hour and 40 minutes, at a spindle speed of 30 m/min. Calculate the tool life if it has to be operated at a speed of 40% higher than the initial cutting speed. Also calculate the cutting speed if the tool is required to have a life of 2 hours and 45 minutes. Assume Taylor's exponent valuen is 0.28.arrow_forwardIn plane-strain orthogonal machining, the two main sources of energy dissipation are deformation along the shear plane (~70%) and friction at the tool-chip contact along the rake face (~30%). Consider plane-strain machining of a rigid perfectly-plastic work material whose uniaxial yield stress is 700 MPa, and is independent of strain rate and temperature. A tool of zero-degree rake angle is employed. Measurements showed the (deformed) chip thickness to be twice that of the undeformed chip thickness. Based on the aforementioned distribution of energy, estimate the specific energy for this process.arrow_forward
- (b) During a certain machining experiment at the UCSI workshop, it is observed that temperature at the tool workpiece interface is 1200 °C at a cutting speed of 300 mm/min with a feed rate of 0.002 mm/rev. (1) Analyse how the temperature will be affected if the cutting speed is increased by 100 %. (ii) Detemine the cutting speed necessary to achieve a maximum cutting temperature of 900 °C.arrow_forwardPlease give the correct solution A cylinder of 25 mm diameter and 100 mm length is turned with a tool, for which the relation VT0.25 = 55 is applicable. The cutting velocity is 22 m/min. For a tool feed of 0.046 mm/rev, the number of tool regrinds required to produce 425 cylinders is?arrow_forwardAn orthogonal cutting operation is performed using a rake angle of 15°, chip thickness before the cut = 0.012 in and width of cut = 0.100 in. The chip thickness ratio is measured after the cut to be 0.55. Determine (a) the chip thickness after the cut, (b) shear angle, (c) friction angle, (d) coefficient of friction, and (e) shear strain.arrow_forward
- (e) Briefly describe types of chips that occur in metal cutting. (f) For orthogonal cutting, the tool rake angle =15°. The chip thickness before the cut is 0.30mm and the cut yields a deformed chip thickness = 0.65mm. Calculate the shear plane angle and shear strain.arrow_forwardA student is performing a turning operation with a workpiece with an initial diameter of 40 mm to produce a 30 mm diameter rod that is 100 mm long. The lathe power is 20 kW and is operating on 85% mechanical efficiency. If the student set the cutting speed to 0.5 m/min and the cutting tool is set to have a rake angle of 5 degrees: a.) What material can we choose for the rod is the coefficient of friction is 0.5? b.) If we select 4130 normalized heat-treated steel for the rod, and coefficient of friction is 0.5, what will the maximum depth of cut we can achieve?arrow_forwardA 600mm*30mm flat surface of a plate is to be finish machined on a shaper .The plate has been fixed with 600 mm side along the tool travel direction. If the tool over-travel at each end of the plate is 20 mm, average cutting speed is 8 m/min, feed rate is 0.3 mm/stroke and the ratio of return time to cutting time of the tool is 1:2 Determine time required for machining?arrow_forward
- A 200 mm long magnesium alloy bar, 63 mm in diameter is turned on a lathe using a high speed steel cutter travelling at 180 mm/min. The spindle rotates at 450 rpm and lathe is equipped with a 10 kW motor, operating at a mechanical efficiency of 92%. The final diameter of the magnesium alloy bar is 59,5 mm. Indicate with a sketch the recommend size and location of the following tool angles: back rake, side rake, end relief, side relief and side and end cutting edge. Calculate the cutting time for the machining process.Calculate the required cutting force.arrow_forwardcalculate the time taken to complete a 300 mm long cut on an aluminium plate using a 75 mm diameter slab mill with 6 teeth.arrow_forwardTool life tests in turning yield the following data: (1) v = 100 m/min, T = 10 min; (2) v = 75 m/min, T = 30 min. (a) Determine the n and C values in the Taylor tool life equation. Based on your equation, compute (b) the tool life for a speed of 90 m/min, and (c) the speed corresponding to a tool life of 20 minarrow_forward
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