Chapter 14.10, Problem 3QQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The process that occurs within the cytosol of a cell has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH.

Electron transfer chain is defined as a series of biochemical reactions in which the electrons and hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ that are obtained from NADH and FADH₂ react with molecular oxygen $\left({\text{O}}_2\right)$ to produce water $\left({\text{H}}_2\text{O}\right)$. NADH and FADH₂ are oxidized through redox reactions.