Chapter 14, Problem 14.93EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following intermediate compound generated in the first or second cycle of the lipogenesis pathway is produced by (1) a dehydration reaction, (2) a hydrogenation reaction, or (3) a condensation reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part there is a cyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The different reactions that are involved in the cyclic process are:

In hydrogenation reaction, a hydrogen molecule (H₂) is added to an organic substance; in hydration reaction, a water molecule (H₂O) is added to an unsaturated substrate; in the condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a single product.

The first turn of the cyclic process produces four-carbon acyl group and the further turns add two carbon unit to the four-carbon acyl group. Therefore, the first turn has four carbon units and the second turn has six carbon unit in their intermediate compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following intermediate compound generated in the first or second cycle of the lipogenesis pathway is produced by (1) a dehydration reaction, (2) a hydrogenation reaction, or (3) a condensation reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part there is a cyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The different reactions that are involved in the cyclic process are:

In hydrogenation reaction, a hydrogen molecule (H₂) is added to an organic substance; in hydration reaction, a water molecule (H₂O) is added to an unsaturated substrate; in the condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a single product.

The first turn of the cyclic process produces four-carbon acyl group and the further turns add two carbon unit to the four-carbon acyl group. Therefore, the first turn has four carbon units and the second turn has six carbon unit in their intermediate compound.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following intermediate compound generated in the first or second cycle of the lipogenesis pathway is produced by (1) a dehydration reaction, (2) a hydrogenation reaction, or (3) a condensation reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part there is a cyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The different reactions that are involved in the cyclic process are:

In hydrogenation reaction, a hydrogen molecule (H₂) is added to an organic substance; in hydration reaction, a water molecule (H₂O) is added to an unsaturated substrate; in the condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a single product.

The first turn of the cyclic process produces four-carbon acyl group and the further turns add two carbon unit to the four-carbon acyl group. Therefore, the first turn has four carbon units and the second turn has six carbon unit in their intermediate compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following intermediate compound generated in the first or second cycle of the lipogenesis pathway is produced by (1) a dehydration reaction, (2) a hydrogenation reaction, or (3) a condensation reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part there is a cyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

The different reactions that are involved in the cyclic process are:

In hydrogenation reaction, a hydrogen molecule (H₂) is added to an organic substance; in hydration reaction, a water molecule (H₂O) is added to an unsaturated substrate; in the condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a single product.

The first turn of the cyclic process produces four-carbon acyl group and the further turns add two carbon unit to the four-carbon acyl group. Therefore, the first turn has four carbon units and the second turn has six carbon unit in their intermediate compound.