Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated. Concept introduction: Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid . They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals. The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH 2 , and NADH are produced in this reaction. The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.24EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “acetyl CoA is a product” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a phosphorylation enzyme is needed” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “a molecule of AMP is produced” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activated fatty acid-CoA that is formed after the activation of the fatty acid molecule in the oxidation process of fatty acids is called acyl CoA.

AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is an important nucleotide that is used in the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “the activation product is acyl CoA” is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process that occurs prior to the β-oxidation pathway has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

The first stage of fatty acid oxidation is the activation of fatty acids in the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 17

Ch. 14.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 14.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 14.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 14.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author analyzes whether the statement "acetyl CoA is a product" is true or false relating to the fatty acid activation process.

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