Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures are representations of the covalent bond. In this, Lewis symbols show how the valence electrons are present in the molecule.
Steps to write Lewis structures are as follows:
1. The skeleton structure with single bonds between all bonded atoms has to be written
2. Sum the valence electrons of the atoms in the molecule.
(a) For cations, one electron is subtracted for each positive charge.
(b) For anions, one electron is added for each negative charge.
3. Subtract two electrons from total number of valence electrons for each bond in the skeleton structure.
4. Count the number of electrons required to satisfy the octet rule for each atom in the structure. If the number of electrons needed is less than the number remaining, add one bond for every two electrons needed between atoms to attain an octet.
5. The remaining electrons are placed as lone pairs on atoms that need them to satisfy the octet rule.
The
The equation that describes the bond dissociation for
Bond energies are always endothermic and have a positive sign. It takes energy to break a bond.
The enthalpy of reaction can be determined by the sum of the bond dissociation energies of all the reactants minus the sum of the bond dissociation energies of all products present in
The equation to calculate enthalpy of reaction is as follows:
Negative sign in the equation depicts that bonds will form in the products. It is an exothermic process, so the energy charge is the negative of bond energy.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- Write the chemical formula and Lewis structure of the following each of which contains five carbon atoms: (a) an alkane. (b) an alkene. (c) an alkynearrow_forwardGive the polarity of the molecule of H2S and its bond angle.arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of CH₃F and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.arrow_forward
- Of H₂CO and CO and CO2, the compound having the strongest C-O bond isarrow_forwardUse this condensed chemical structure to complete the table below. CH, — С — О — С — CH, The condensed chemical structure of acetic anhydride Some facts about the acetic anhydride molecule: number of carbon-carbon single (C - C) bonds: number of carbon-hydrogen single (C - H) bonds: number of lone pairs:arrow_forwardIf the bond energy for the C−HC−H bond is 413 kJ/molkJ/mol, how much energy is needed to break all the bonds in 4.0 molmol of methane moleculesarrow_forward
- Explain the differences among nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.arrow_forwardIs C3H7Br a polar molecule? If so, indicate the polarity of each bond and the direction of the net dipole.arrow_forwardDraw the correct Lewis structures to determine the bonding structure. Calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH(rxn)) of the following reaction Calculate reactant energy – product energy for your final answer. H2 (g) + C2H4 (g) →C2H6 (g)arrow_forward
- Consider CH4 and H2O. What is the relationship between the valence electrons in C and O, and the number of hydrogens in the compound ?arrow_forwardPlease note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry. The Lewis diagram for NICI2 is: :I—N—CI: :CI: The electron-pair geometry around the N atom in NICI 2 is There is/are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of NICI 2 is The Lewis diagram for BCI3 is: :CI-B-CI: :CI: The electron-pair geometry around the B atom in BCI3 is There is/are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of BCI3 isarrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for H3PO4. If necessary, expand the octet on any appropriate atoms to lower formal charge.arrow_forward
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning