Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
The bond result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions is called ionic bond and the bond result from the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms is called covalent bond. The Lewis electron-dot symbol can be used to describe the covalent bonds in molecules.
Two types of pairs of electrons are as follows:
1. Bonding pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.
2. Lone or nonbonding, pairs of electrons are on one atom and are not shared.
Lewis structures are representations of the covalent bond. In this Lewis symbols show how the valence electrons are present in the molecule.
Steps to write Lewis structures are as follows:
1. The skeleton structure with single bonds between all bonded atoms has to be written
2. Sum the valence electrons of the atoms in the molecule.
(a) For cations, one electron is subtracted for each positive charge.
(b) For anions, one electron is added for each negative charge.
3. Subtract two electrons for each bond in the skeleton structure.
4. Count the number of electrons needed to satisfy the octet rule for each atom in the structure. If the number of electrons needed is less than the number remaining, add one bond for every two electrons needed between atoms to attain an octet.
5 The remaining electrons are placed as lone pairs on atoms that need them to satisfy the octet rule.
(b)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a)
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- Write the chemical formula and Lewis structure of the following each of which contains five carbon atoms: (a) an alkane. (b) an alkene. (c) an alkynearrow_forward16. Which of the following structures is the CORRECT resonance structure of the following. molecule: (A) (B) (C) (D) CH3- CH₂ CH3 -H CH₂CH3 CH₂CH-CH₂ CH3 CH3arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for the following compounds. Remember to enclose ions in square brackets. On your answer sheet, state the number of valence electrons in each compound. (a) NaCN (b) CH 3 Br (c) Ca(OCl) 2arrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds. a) CH2Oarrow_forwardClassify the following bonds as nonpolar, polar, or ionic: (a) the bond in ClF, (b) the bond in CsBr, and (c) the carbon-carbon double bond in C2H4.arrow_forwardThe two compounds nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide are introduced in Section 3.13. (a) NO2 is an odd-electron compound. Draw the best Lewis diagrams possible for it, recognizing that one atom cannot achieve an octet configuration. Use formal charges to decide whether that should be the (central) nitrogen atom or one of the oxygen atoms. (b) Draw resonance forms for N2O4 that obey the octet rule. The two N atoms are bonded in this molecule.arrow_forward
- (i) Draw a complete Lewis dot structure for each of the following compounds. Clearly (ii) indicate all bonds and lone electrons, as well as the formal charge of each atom in the compound. a) NO3 b) NH4* c) CO2arrow_forwardFormic acid has the chemical formula HCOOH. It is a colorlessliquid that has a density of 1.220 g/mL. (a) The carbonatom in formic acid is bound to one H and both O’s. Drawthe Lewis structure for formic acid, showing resonance ifpresent. (b) Formic acid can react with NaOH in aqueoussolution to produce the formate ion, HCOO-. Write thebalanced chemical equation for this reaction. (c) Draw theLewis structure of the formate ion, showing resonance ifpresent. (d) How many milliliters of a 0.100 M solution ofNaOH would it take to completely react with 0.785 mL offormic acid?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for each molecule. These molecules do not follow the octet rule.(a) BCl3(b) NO2(c) BH3arrow_forward
- Draw all possible resonance structures for each of these compounds. Determine the formal charge on each atom in each of the resonance structures:(a) O3(b) SO2(c) NO2 −(d) NO3−arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for each molecule.(a) C2H2(b) C2H4(c) N2H2(d) N2H4arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for these ions. Show all valence electrons and all formal charges. (a) Amide ion, NH2-arrow_forward
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning