Phenol and chloroacetic acid react to form herbicide 2 , 4 D. The steps involved in the reaction are to be outlined. Concept introduction: Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair. Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair. Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron which makes it highly chemically reactive. Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction. Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction. Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules. Phenols are compounds that bear a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. These compounds are similar in structure to alcohols. Chlorophenol is the derivative of benzene which consists of two groups substituted on the ring. The two groups on benzene are chlorine and hydroxyl.

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Chapter 21, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Phenol and chloroacetic acid react to form herbicide 2,4 D. The steps involved in the reaction are to be outlined.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Phenols are compounds that bear a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. These compounds are similar in structure to alcohols.

Chlorophenol is the derivative of benzene which consists of two groups substituted on the ring. The two groups on benzene are chlorine and hydroxyl.

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