
Interpretation:
The reason for “the formation of two byproducts, diphenyl ether and 4-hydroxybiphenol, in the Dow process for the production of phenol” is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
The Dow process is the process of formation of phenol from benzene. In this process, first, benzene is converted into chlorobenzene, which is further hydrolyzed with a base to form phenoxide ions. This is followed by acidification, leading to the formation of phenol.

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Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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- 2. Calculate the branching ratio of the reaction of the methyl peroxy radical with either HO, NO 298K) (note: rate constant can be found in the tropospheric chemistry ppt CH,O,+NO-HCHO+HO, + NO, CH₂O+HO, CH₂00H +0₂ when the concentration of hydroperoxyl radical is DH01-1.5 x 10 molecules and the nitrogen oxide maxing ratio of 10 ppb when the concentration of hydroperoxyl radicalis [H0] +1.5x10 molecules cm" and the nitrogen oxide mixing ratio of 30 p Under which condition do you expect more formaldehyde to be produced and whyarrow_forwardIndicate the product of the reaction of benzene with 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane in the presence of AlCl3.arrow_forwardIn what position will N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide be nitrated and what will the compound be called.arrow_forward
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