Organic Chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781118133576
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21P
When m-chlorotoluene is treated with sodium amide in liquid ammonia, the products of the reaction are o-, m-, and p-toluidine (i.e., o-CH3C6H4NH2, m-CH3C6H4NH2, and p-CH3C6H4NH2). Propose plausible mechanisms that account for the formation of each product.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In an aqueous solution containing sodium bicarbonate, aniline reacts quickly withbromine to give 2,4,6-tribromoaniline. Nitration of aniline requires very strong conditions,however, and the yields (mostly m-nitroaniline) are poor.(a) What conditions are used for nitration, and what form of aniline is present under theseconditions?
The UV spectrum of 1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol shows an intense absorption at 220 nm and a weaker absorption at 258 nm. When this compound is treated with dilute sulfuric acid, it rearranges to an isomer with an intense absorption at 250 nm and a weaker absorption at 290 nm. Suggest a structure for the isomeric product and propose a mechanism for its formation.
Propose mechanisms consistent with the
following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (f) (breif
Written explantion for each PLEASE)
Propose mechanisms consistent with the following reactions.
(a)
HBr
ROOR
Br
H₂SO4
(b)
H₂O
OH
Br
HBr
Br
(d)
(c)
CHBr
Br
NaOH
Br
Br
(e)
HCI
CH3CH₂OH
Br
OCH2CH3
Br
ED-8
CH2CH3
H-
OH
H+, H₂O
(f)
H
OH
CH3CH2
CH2CH3
CH2CH3
(continued)
Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM
21.1 If we examine Table 21.1, we...Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM If we examine Table 21.1, we see...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3PPCh. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM
21.4 Predict the products of each...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5PPCh. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM
21.6 What are compounds A and B...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PPCh. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM Outline a possible synthesis of...Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is...Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM
21.10 When o-chlorotoluene is...
Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM When 2-bromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene...Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM (a) Outline a step-by-step...Ch. 21 - Rank the following in order of increasing acidity.Ch. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Describe a simple chemical test that could be used...Ch. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - Predict the product of the following reactions.Ch. 21 - 21.19 A synthesis of the β-receptor blocker called...Ch. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - When m-chlorotoluene is treated with sodium amide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22PCh. 21 - Prob. 23PCh. 21 - Prob. 24PCh. 21 - Prob. 25PCh. 21 - Prob. 26PCh. 21 - Prob. 27PCh. 21 - Prob. 28PCh. 21 - Prob. 29PCh. 21 - Prob. 30PCh. 21 - Prob. 31PCh. 21 - 21.32 A compound X (C10H14O) dissolves in aqueous...Ch. 21 - 21.33 Compound Z (C5H10O) decolorizes bromine in...Ch. 21 - Explain why, in the case shown, the allyl group...Ch. 21 - In protic solvents the naphthoxide ion (I) is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 36PCh. 21 - Prob. 37PCh. 21 - Prob. 38PCh. 21 - Prob. 39PCh. 21 - Prob. 40PCh. 21 - 21.41 Compound W was isolated from a marine...Ch. 21 - 21.42 Phenols generally are not changed on...Ch. 21 - 21.43 Open the molecular model file for benzyne...Ch. 21 - Which of the following would be the strongest...Ch. 21 - What products would you expect from the following...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3QCh. 21 - Prob. 4QCh. 21 - 21.5 Complete the following synthesis:
Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QCh. 21 - 21.7 Select the stronger acid.
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a Born-Haber cycle and data from Appendices F and L and Table 7.5. ...
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Why isn't FeBr3 used as a catalyst in the first step of the synthesis of 1,3,5-tribromobenzene?
Organic Chemistry
For each of the following, (i) give the systematic name of the compound and specify the oxidation state of the ...
General Chemistry: Atoms First
An engine oil cooler consists of a bundle of 25 smooth tubes, each of length L=2.5m and diameter D=10mm (a) If ...
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
4. 38 Strontium has four naturally occurring isotopes, with mass numbers 84, 86, 87, arid 88.
a. Write the atom...
Basic Chemistry (5th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Nonconjugated , -unsaturated ketones, such as 3-cyclohexenone, are in an acid-catalyzed equilibrium with their conjugated , -unsaturated isomers. Propose a mechanism for this isomerization.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with thiols to yield thioacetals just as they react with alcohols to yield acetals. Predict the product of the following reaction, and propose a mechanism:arrow_forwardUnder acid catalysis, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol reacts to give surprisingly good yields of dihydropyran. Propose a mechanism to explain this useful synthesis.arrow_forward
- When 2,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropane is heated overnight in fused KOH at 200 °C, the major product is a foul-smelling compound of formula C9H8. Propose a structure for this product, and give a mechanism to account for its formation.arrow_forwardCompound A undergoes an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. One of the products (B) that is isolated gives the following 1H NMR spectrum. Identify the compounds A and Carrow_forwardWhen 2,2-dibromo-1-phenylpropane is heated overnight with sodium amide at 150 °C, the major product (after addition of water) is a different foul-smelling compound of formula C9H8. Propose a structure for this product, and give a mechanism to account for its formation.arrow_forward
- Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. (a) (b) (d) (f) 5. Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. CH,OH, H+, CH,O OCH3 PhNHNH₂, H+ N–NHPh (a) Ph-C-H Ph—C-H (b) CH3-C-H CH-C-H CH2 CH2-CH₂ Ph3P=CH2 (d) (c) H+ H₂O OH ОН (e) H₂O CHO H NH H (f) OCH3 CH3CH₂NH3 CI OCH3 CH3CH₂NH2 NCH,CH3arrow_forwardPredict the products and propose mechanisms for the reactions of ketones and aldehydes with oxidizing and reducing agents, amines, alcohols, and phosphorus ylides.arrow_forwardBenzoic acid, Ph-COOH (C6H5CO2H), is not soluble in water while it dissolves in ether (diethyl ether), (CH3CH2)2O. Yet upon treatment with sodium hydroxide, benzoic acid turns hydrophilic and dissolves in water. Provide chemical explanation of this observation.arrow_forward
- When a methyl ester is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions in H,180, the 180 isotope ends up in the carboxylic acid. When a tert-butyl ester is hydrolyzed under the same conditions, the labeled oxygen ends up in the alcohol product. (a) Propose mechanisms to account for these observations. (b) Explain why each ester undergoes the respective mechanism. CH3 + Но-СНЗ 18 + H180 H ОНarrow_forwardQ2 Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Br HBr ROOR hv cat. H₂SO4 H₂O HBr > HCI EtOH cat. H₂SO4 H₂O Br OH Br xBr+ Br CI CH₂CH3 OH H H -OH Br CH₂CH3arrow_forwardTreatment of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with aqueous bromine leads to the evolution of carbon dioxide and the formation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Explain.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Coenzymes and cofactors; Author: CH15 SWAYAM Prabha IIT Madras;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bubY2Nm7hVM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Aromaticity and Huckel's Rule; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-BguH4_WBQ;License: Standard Youtube License