Chapter 21, Problem 26P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way in which the given mixture of compounds is synthesized is to be suggested, and the reaction involved in the given conversion is to be represented.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Benzene and substituted benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions in the presence of an electrophilic reagent.

The electrophilic substitution on the substituted benzene depends upon the nature of the substituent present on the benzene ring. If the group is ortho-para directing, ortho and para isomers will be formed as the product and if the group is meta-directing, a meta product is formed.