Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 31CTQ

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether H2O act as nucleophile or electrophile in step 2 of below reaction should be determined.

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 8, Problem 31CTQ , additional homework tip  1

Concept introduction: The carbon-carbon double bond in alkene consists of a strong σ bond (formed by overlap of sp2 hybridized orbital on each carbon) and a weak π bond (formed by overlap of pure p orbital on each carbon). Due to unsaturation, alkene shows addition reaction where the double bond provides loosely held π electrons and is readily attacked by any electron deficient group like H+ ions released from acids. The loosely held π electrons are present, therefore, behave as base though weak one.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether H of H3O+ act as nucleophile or electrophile in step 1 of below reaction should be determined.

  Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry, Chapter 8, Problem 31CTQ , additional homework tip  2

Concept introduction: The carbon-carbon double bond in alkene consists of a strong σ bond (formed by overlap of sp2 hybridized orbital on each carbon) and a weak π bond (formed by overlap of pure p orbital on each carbon). Due to unsaturation, alkene shows addition reaction where the double bond provides loosely held π electrons and is readily attacked by any electron deficient group like H+ ions released from acids. The loosely held π electrons are present, therefore, behave as base though weak one.

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Consider this nucleophilic substitution reaction.   1. Highlight the electrophilic carbon in red, and highlight the leaving group in blue. Highlight the atom in the nucleophile that will attack the electrophilic center in green. Only atoms need to be highlighted and not the lone pairs or formal charges. 2. Draw the product(s) of the reaction. Include all lone pairs.
Part 1 Identify any nucleophiles and electrophiles in this reaction. How will they react together? Do all curved arrows start at an electron-rich site and point toward an electron-poor site? Did you add non-zero charges and lone pair electrons to all appropriate atoms? Does the overall charge and number of atoms remain consistent from step-to-step? To bring a box back to its original status, click on the reset button in the top left corner of the drawing window. x i :0:
6. Place an "X" in the box below the nucleophile that will react the most quickly with methyl iodide. Place an "O" in the box below the nucleophile that will react the most slowly with methyl iodide.

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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
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ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning