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(a)
Interpretation: Energy diagram that involves low energy for reactants and product while moderate-energy of intermediate should be drawn.
Concept introduction: Energetics of a reaction describes the energy associated with different components during the process of reaction. Energy diagram is a plot of energy along y-axis and reaction coordinate along x axis. Reaction proceeds when the reactant molecules collide and have proper orientation. The pathway from reactant to product involves transition state. A transition state is a hypothetical state that gives clear picture of the orientation of reactant molecules during collision that is a process of the bonds formed and broken during the reaction. Transition state is the highest energy state of a reaction.
The intermediate involved usually have higher potential energy than reactants species as they are formed transiently and fall back to form products that are more stable and hence reduced in potential energy.
(b)
Interpretation: Energy diagram that involves low energy for reactants and product while high-energy intermediate should be drawn.
Concept introduction: Energetics of a reaction describes the energy associated with different components during the process of reaction. Energy diagram is a plot of energy along y-axis and reaction coordinate along x axis. Reaction proceeds when the reactant molecules collide and have proper orientation. The pathway from reactant to product involves transition state. A transition state is a hypothetical state that gives clear picture of the orientation of reactant molecules during collision that is a process of the bonds formed and broken during the reaction. Transition state is the highest energy state of a reaction.
The intermediate involved usually have higher potential energy than reactants species as they are formed transiently and fall back to form products that are more stable and hence reduced in potential energy.
(c)
Interpretation: Energy diagram that involves high energy for reactants and high energy products should be drawn.
Concept introduction: Energetics of a reaction describes the energy associated with different components during the process of reaction. Energy diagram is a plot of energy along y-axis and reaction coordinate along x axis. Reaction proceeds when the reactant molecules collide and have proper orientation. The pathway from reactant to product involves transition state. A transition state is a hypothetical state that gives clear picture of the orientation of reactant molecules during collision that is a process of the bonds formed and broken during the reaction. Transition state is the highest energy state of a reaction.
The intermediate involved usually have higher potential energy than reactants species as they are formed transiently and fall back to form products that are more stable and hence reduced in potential energy.
(d)
Interpretation: Energy diagram that involves high energy for reactants and low energy product should be drawn.
Concept introduction: Energetics of a reaction describes the energy associated with different components during the process of reaction. Energy diagram is a plot of energy along y-axis and reaction coordinate along x axis. Reaction proceeds when the reactant molecules collide and have proper orientation. The pathway from reactant to product involves transition state. A transition state is a hypothetical state that gives clear picture of the orientation of reactant molecules during collision that is a process of the bonds formed and broken during the reaction. Transition state is the highest energy state of a reaction.
The intermediate involved usually have higher potential energy than reactants species as they are formed transiently and fall back to form products that are more stable and hence reduced in potential energy.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- Q4: Rank the relative nucleophilicity of halide ions in water solution and DMF solution, respectively. F CI Br | Q5: Determine which of the substrates will and will not react with NaSCH3 in an SN2 reaction to have a reasonable yield of product. NH2 Br Br Br OH Brarrow_forwardQ7: Rank the following groups in order of basicity, nucleophilicity, and leaving group ability. a) H₂O, OH, CH3COOT b) NH3, H₂O, H₂Sarrow_forwardQ8: Rank the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with CN as the nucleophile. Br A B NH2 LL F C D OH CI LLI E Q9: Complete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d). a) H "Cl D + -OCH 3 Page 3 of 5arrow_forward
- Q10: (a) Propose a synthesis of C from A. (b) Propose a synthesis of C from B. Br Br ...\SCH 3 A B Carrow_forward9: Complete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forwardComplete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forward
- QUESTION 3: Provide the synthetic steps that convert the starting material into the product (no mechanism required). HO OH NH CH3 multiple steps 요요 H3Carrow_forwardQ6: Predict the effect of the changes given on the rate of the reaction below. CH3OH CH3Cl + NaOCH3 → CH3OCH3 + NaCl a) Change the substrate from CH3CI to CH31: b) Change the nucleophile from NaOCH 3 to NaSCH3: c) Change the substrate from CH3CI to (CH3)2CHCI: d) Change the solvent from CH3OH to DMSO.arrow_forwardQ3: Arrange each group of compounds from fastest SN2 reaction rate to slowest SN2 reaction rate. a) CI Cl فيكم H3C-Cl A B C D Br Br b) A B C Br H3C-Br Darrow_forward
- Q2: Group these solvents into either protic solvents or aprotic solvents. Acetonitrile (CH3CN), H₂O, Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Acetone (CH3COCH3), CH3CH2OH, DMSO (CH3SOCH3), DMF (HCON(CH3)2), CH3OHarrow_forwardSuppose the rate of evaporation in a hot, dry region is 1.76 meters per year, and the seawater there has a salinity of 35 ‰. Assuming a 93% yield, how much salt (NaCl) can be harvested each year from 1 km2 of solar evaporation ponds that use this seawater as a source?arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
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