Concept explainers
Interpretation: Each carbocation in below figure should be labelled as
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are covalent in nature that undergoes a reaction by heterolytic cleavage or homolytic cleavage.
In heterolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons is taken away by one of the atoms which result in charged species. In homolytic cleavage, shared pair of electrons are equally distributed between two atom that results in free radicals.
Carbocation is a general term employed for a postively charged carbon irrespective of valency of carbon. In carbocation, carbon is bonded to 3 atoms or groups and has only sextet of electrons so it behaves as an electron-deficient species. It is
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- The alkene 3-methyl-1-butene is reacted with Br₂ in aqueous solution. Br₂. H₂Oarrow_forwardWrite the number/letters of the alchol/reagents in the boxes below. Alcohol starting material Reagent for step 1 Reagent for step 2|| Reagent for step 3arrow_forward2. Draw the structures and explain why CH3CH₂O and CH3CO₂ are good nucleophiles but CH3SO3, water, and alcohols (R-OH) are poor nucleophiles. Propose a 'cutoff' for the amount of negative charge needed to be a good nucleophile. CH3CH₂O CH3CO₂ CH3SO3 H₂O CH₂OHarrow_forward
- draw the product for both reactions...arrow_forwardDraw a curved arrow mechanism for the substitution reaction that will occur with the alkyl halide and nucleophile below, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonbonding electrons and all nonzero formal charges, and show all species that react or are formed in this reaction. Cl H₂Oarrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Pro :0: CH3CH2CH2CH 10: 'H HH о H HH HO-CH3 Na :0: CH₂ Na Select to Add Arrows 0. H H :0: H Select to Add Arrows H3O+ :0: Select to Add Arrowsarrow_forward
- Write the mechanism for the following reaction step using curvedarrows, and draw the result of those motions. You will need to draw adifferent conformation of the reactant.arrow_forwardDraw a curved arrow mechanism for the substitution reaction that will occur with the alkyl halide and nucleophile below, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonbonding electrons and all nonzero formal charges, and show all species that react or are formed in this reaction.arrow_forwardCircle the carbonyl addition that occurs at a faster rate.arrow_forward
- How come in step 3, water doesn't attack the carbocation? Wouldn't it naturally want to immediately neutralize the carbocation instead of creating a double bond?arrow_forward6arrow_forwardhelp please answer in text form with proper workings and explanation for each and every part and steps with concept and introduction no AI no copy paste remember answer must be in proper format with all workingarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning