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Write the ground-state electron configurations for the following elements: Ge, Fe, Zn, Ni, W, Tl.
(a)
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Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 14 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
All the 14 electrons of
There are 2 electrons present in
(b)
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Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 8 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
All the 8 electrons of
There are 2 electrons present in
(c)
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Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 12 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
All the 12 electrons of
There are 2 electrons present in
(d)
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Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 10 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
All the 10 electrons of
There are 2 electrons present in
(e)

Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 20 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
All the 20 electrons of
There are 14 electrons present in
(f)

Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configurations for the given elements should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is an area of space in which electrons are orderly filled. The maximum capacity in any type of orbital is two electrons. An atomic orbital is defined as the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into four orbitals such as
There are three basic principles in which orbitals are filled by the electrons.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In German, the word 'aufbau' means 'building up'. The electrons are arranged in various orbitals in the order of increasing energies.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: An electron does not have all the four quantum numbers.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Each orbital is singly engaged with one electron having the maximum same spin capacity after that only pairing occurs.
The electron configuration is the allocation of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. Electronic configuration of a particular atom is written by following the three basic principles.
To find: Identify the ground-state electron configuration for
Answer to Problem 3.117QP
The ground-state electron configuration for
Explanation of Solution
The noble gas core for
Put all the 27 electrons in the atomic orbitals by following Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
All the 27 electrons of
There are 14 electrons present in
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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