
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
An orbital is a region of space in which electrons are filled. It can hold up to two electrons.
An atomic orbital is the region of space in which the probability of finding the electrons is highest. It is subdivided into 4 orbitals such as
The orders in which orbitals are filled by the electrons are governed by three basic principles.
- 1. Aufbau principle: In the ground state of an atom, an electron enters the orbital with lowest energy first and subsequent electrons are fed in the order of increasing energies. The word 'aufbau' in German means 'building up'. Here, it refers to the filling up of orbitals with electrons.
- 2. Pauli exclusion principle: As an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins.
- 3. Hund’s rule: Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is paired and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. By following these three principles, electronic configuration of a particular atom is written.

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Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- Draw an example of the following functional groups: *see imagearrow_forwardAldehydes and Ketones: Show the reaction conditions, and molecules, that connect the reactant to the product. A protecting group will be needed. *see imagearrow_forwardAldehydes and Ketones: Show the reaction conditions, and molecules, that connect the reactant to the product. *see imagearrow_forward
- Provide the missing information for each of the four reactions: *see imagearrow_forward6. Chlorine dioxide (CIO) is used as a disinfectant in municipal water-treatment plants. It decomposes in a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 14 s. How long would it take for an initial concentration of 0.06 M to decrease to 0.02 M? [6 pts]arrow_forwardIf possible, replace an H atom on the a carbon of the molecule in the drawing area with a methyl group substituent, and replace an H atom on the ẞ carbon with a hydroxyl group substituent. If one of the substituents can't be added for any reason, just don't add it. If neither substituent can be added, check the box under the drawing area. en HO OHarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the curved arrows to draw the intermediate and product of this hydrohalogenation reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Br Select to Draw 51°F Sunny esc F1 HBr Select to Draw 1,2-hydride shift Br Select to Draw Q Search F2 F3 F4 1 2 # # 3 DII L F5 F6 F tA $ % Λarrow_forwardplease help i cant find the article to even startarrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forward
- help with the rf values i am so confusedarrow_forwardPredict the organic reactant of X and Y that are involved in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactant. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product for this reaction.arrow_forward
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