2nd Edition

ISBN: 9780073511184

Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

Concept explainers

The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explain…

Shape of the D Orbital

Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.

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Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.2VC

One way to see the emission spectrum of hydrogen is to view the hydrogen in an electric discharge tube through a spectroscope, a device that separates the wavelengths. Why can we not view the emission spectrum simply by pointing the spectroscope at a sample of hydrogen confined in a glass tube or flask?

(a) Without the electrons being in excited states, there would be 110 emission of light.

(b) The glass would make it impossible to see the emission spectrum.

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.1VC

Chapter 3, Problem 3.3VC

Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: Atoms First

Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the kinetic energy of a helium atom...Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the energy in joules of a 5.25-g object...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2WE Ch. 3.1 - How much greater is the electrostatic potential...Ch. 3.1 - What must the separation between charges of +2 and...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.1SR Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.2SR

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.3SR Ch. 3.2 - One type of laser used in the treatment of...Ch. 3.2 - What is the wavelength (in meters) of an...Ch. 3.2 - What is the frequency (in reciprocal seconds) of...Ch. 3.2 - Which of the following sets of waves best...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.1SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.2SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.3SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.4SR Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - (a) Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.1SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.2SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.3SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.4SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.5SR Ch. 3.4 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of the...Ch. 3.4 - What is the wavelength (in nanometers) of a photon...Ch. 3.4 - What is the value of ni for an electron that emits...Ch. 3.4 - For each pair of transitions, determine which one...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.1SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.2SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.3SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.4SR Ch. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the...Ch. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength (in...Ch. 3.5 - Use Equation 3.11 to calculate the momentum, p...Ch. 3.5 - Consider the impact of early electron diffraction...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.1SR Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.2SR Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.3SR Ch. 3.6 - An electron in a hydrogen atom is known to have a...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 7PPA Ch. 3.6 - (a) Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the...Ch. 3.6 - Using Equation 3.13, we can calculate the minimum...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.1SR Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.2SR Ch. 3.7 - What are the possible values for the magnetic...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPA Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPB Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPC Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.1SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.2SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.3SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.4SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.9WE Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPA Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPB Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.1SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.2SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.3SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.4SR Ch. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPA Ch. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPC Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.1SR Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.2SR Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.3SR Ch. 3.10 - Without referring to Figure 3.26, write the...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPA Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPB Ch. 3.10 - Consider again the alternate universe and its...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.1SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.2SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.3SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.4SR Ch. 3 - Define these terms: potential energy, kinetic...Ch. 3 - What are the units for energy commonly employed in...Ch. 3 - A truck initially traveling at 60 km/h is brought...Ch. 3 - Describe the interconversions of forms of energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.6QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.7QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.8QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.9QP Ch. 3 - (a) How much greater is the electrostatic energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.12QP Ch. 3 - List the types of electromagnetic radiation,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.14QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.15QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.16QP Ch. 3 - The SI unit of time is the second, which is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.18QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.19QP Ch. 3 - Four waves represent light in four different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.21QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.22QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.23QP Ch. 3 - What is a photon? What role did Einsteins...Ch. 3 - A photon has a wavelength of 705 nm. Calculate the...Ch. 3 - The blue color of the sky results from the...Ch. 3 - A photon has a frequency of 6.5 109 Hz. (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.28QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.29QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.30QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31QP Ch. 3 - A particular form of electromagnetic radiation has...Ch. 3 - Photosynthesis makes use of visible light to bring...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.35QP Ch. 3 - The binding energy of magnesium metal is 5.86 ...Ch. 3 - What is the kinetic energy of the ejected electron...Ch. 3 - A red light was shined onto a metal sample and the...Ch. 3 - A photoelectric experiment was performed by...Ch. 3 - Which of the following best explains why we see...Ch. 3 - One way to see the emission spectrum of hydrogen...Ch. 3 - How many lines would we see in the emission...Ch. 3 - For a hydrogen atom in which the electron has been...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.40QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.41QP Ch. 3 - Briefly describe Bohrs theory of the hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Explain the meaning of the negative sign in...Ch. 3 - Consider the following energy levels of a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.45QP Ch. 3 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of a...Ch. 3 - Calculate the frequency (hertz) and wavelength...Ch. 3 - What wavelength of light is needed to excite the...Ch. 3 - An electron in the hydrogen atom makes a...Ch. 3 - Explain why elements produce their own...Ch. 3 - Some copper-containing substances emit green light...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.52QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.53QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.54QP Ch. 3 - Why is Equation 3.11 meaningful only for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.56QP Ch. 3 - Thermal neutrons are neutrons that move at speeds...Ch. 3 - Protons can be accelerated to speeds near that of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.59QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.60QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.61QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.62QP Ch. 3 - What are the inadequacies of Bohrs theory?Ch. 3 - What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? What...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.65QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.66QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.67QP Ch. 3 - The speed of a thermal neutron (see Problem 3.57)...Ch. 3 - Alveoli are tiny sacs of air in the lungs. Their...Ch. 3 - In the beginning of the twentieth century, some...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of blue light (430 nm) are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.72QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.73QP Ch. 3 - Which of the four quantum numbers (n, , m, ms)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.75QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.77QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.78QP Ch. 3 - Describe the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals. How...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.80QP Ch. 3 - Describe the characteristics of an s orbital, p...Ch. 3 - Why is a boundary surface diagram useful in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.83QP Ch. 3 - Give the values of the four quantum numbers of an...Ch. 3 - Describe how a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.86QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.87QP Ch. 3 - Make a chart of all allowable orbitals in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.89QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.90QP Ch. 3 - A 3s orbital is illustrated here. Using this as a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.92QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.93QP Ch. 3 - State the Aufbau principle, and explain the role...Ch. 3 - Indicate the total number of (a) p electrons in N...Ch. 3 - Calculate the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.99QP Ch. 3 - The electron configuration of an atom in the...Ch. 3 - List the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of impaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.105QP Ch. 3 - Portions of orbital diagrams representing the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.107QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.108QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.109QP Ch. 3 - Define the following terms and give an example of...Ch. 3 - Explain why the ground-state electron...Ch. 3 - Write the election configuration of a xenon core.Ch. 3 - Comment on the correctness of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.114QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.115QP Ch. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - What is the symbol of the element with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.119QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.120QP Ch. 3 - Discuss the current view of the correctness of the...Ch. 3 - Distinguish carefully between the following terms:...Ch. 3 - What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.124QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.125QP Ch. 3 - A baseball pitchers fastball has been clocked at...Ch. 3 - A ruby laser produces radiation of wavelength 633...Ch. 3 - Four atomic energy levels of an atom are shown...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.129QP Ch. 3 - Spectral lines of the Lyman and Balmer series do...Ch. 3 - Only a fraction of the electric energy supplied to...Ch. 3 - The figure here illustrates a series of...Ch. 3 - When one of heliums electrons is removed, the...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - An electron in an excited state in a hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.136QP Ch. 3 - The election configurations described in this...Ch. 3 - Draw the shapes (boundary surfaces) of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.139QP Ch. 3 - Consider the graph here. (a) Calculate the binding...Ch. 3 - Scientists have found interstellar hydrogen atoms...Ch. 3 - Ionization energy is the minimum energy required...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.143QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.144QP Ch. 3 - The cone cells of the human eye are sensitive to...Ch. 3 - (a) An electron in the ground state of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.147QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.148QP Ch. 3 - When an election makes a transition between energy...Ch. 3 - Blackbody radiation is the term used to describe...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of red light (675 nm) are...Ch. 3 - In an election microscope, electrons are...Ch. 3 - According to Einsteins special theory of...Ch. 3 - The mathematical equation for studying the...

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