The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals. Concept Introduction: Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom. Principal Quantum Number (n) The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell ( level ). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n 2 . As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases. Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital . The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel) . The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f). To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’ The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check CF3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) H (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy

Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density CF3 O donating O donating O electron-rich O withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O electron-deficient O similar to benzene OCH3 Explanation Check O donating O donating ○ withdrawing withdrawing O no inductive effects no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center

The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBT

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.90QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 2s, 2p orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 2s, 2p orbitals is 2. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3p, 3d orbitals of many electron atoms

Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3p, 3d orbitals is 3. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 3s, 4s orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 3s orbital is 3 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 4s orbital is 4. Hence 3s orbital is lower in energy than 4s orbital as the 3s orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 4s orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orbital which is lower in energy in many electron atoms should be identified in the given pairs of orbitals.

Concept Introduction:

Energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum number (l). For a given value of principle quantum number (n), the energy of orbital increases with increasing value of the angular momentum quantum number (l) in a many electron atom.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. If all orbitals have the same value of ‘n’, they are said to be in the same shell (level). The total number of orbitals for a given n value is n². As the value of ‘n’ increases, the energy of the electron also increases.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)

The angular momentum quantum number (l) explains the shape of the atomic orbital. The values of l are integers which depend on the value of the principal quantum number, n. For a given value of n, the possible values of l range are from 0 to n − 1. If n = 1, there is only one possible value of l (l=0). If n = 2, there are two values of l: 0 and 1. If n = 3, there are three values of l: 0, 1, and 2. The value of l is selected by the letters s, p, d, and f. If l = 0, we have an s orbital; if l = 1, we have a p orbital; if l = 2, we have a d orbital and finally if l = 3, we have a f orbital. A collection of orbitals with the same value of n is called a shell. One or more orbitals with the same n and l values are referred to a subshell (sublevel). The value of l also has a slight effect on the energy of the subshell; the energy of the subshell increases with l (s < p < d < f).

To find: Identify the orbital which is lower in energy in the given pair 4d, 5f orbitals of many electron atoms Find the value of ‘n’

The principle quantum number (n) of the 4d orbital is 4 whereas the principle quantum number (n) of the 5f orbital is 5. Hence 4d orbital is lower in energy than 5f orbital as the 4d orbital has the lower value of ‘n’ than 5f orbital. Find the value of ‘l’

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the kinetic energy of a helium atom...Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the energy in joules of a 5.25-g object...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2WE Ch. 3.1 - How much greater is the electrostatic potential...Ch. 3.1 - What must the separation between charges of +2 and...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.1SR Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.2SR

Solution Summary: The author explains that the energy of an orbital in a many electron atom depends on both the values of principle quantum number (n) and angular momentum quantum numbers (l).

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 3 Solutions