Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511184
Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.10QP
(a) How much greater is the electrostatic energy between charges of +4 and −3 than charges of +2 and −3 if the charges in each case are separated by the same distance? (b) By what distance would charges of +4 and −3 have to be separated for the electrostatic energy between them to be the same as that between charges of +2 and −3 separated by a distance of d?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
7.5 B What must the distance be between charges of +2.25 and −1.86 for the attractive force between them to be the same as that between charges of +4.06 and −2.11 separated by a distance of 2.16 pm?
2.9 Vibrations in crystals. (a) Calculate the average vibrational energy per mole for Si at
400 K to within the limits of the Einstein theory. Let VẸ = 12 x 1012 s-1, (b) If each
atom carried three quanta of vibrational energy, how much vibrational energy would
the crystal contain?
Consider an electron in the N shell. (a) What is the smallest orbital angular momentum it could have? (b) What is the largest orbital angular momentum it could have? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (c) What is the largest orbital momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (d) What is the largest spin angular momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (e) For the electron in part (c), what is the ratio of its spin angular momentum in the z-direction to its orbital angular momentum in the z direction?
E and d no answer
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the kinetic energy of a helium atom...Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the energy in joules of a 5.25-g object...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2WECh. 3.1 - How much greater is the electrostatic potential...Ch. 3.1 - What must the separation between charges of +2 and...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2PPCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.1SRCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.2SR
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.3SRCh. 3.2 - One type of laser used in the treatment of...Ch. 3.2 - What is the wavelength (in meters) of an...Ch. 3.2 - What is the frequency (in reciprocal seconds) of...Ch. 3.2 - Which of the following sets of waves best...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.1SRCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.2SRCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.3SRCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.4SRCh. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - (a) Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.1SRCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.2SRCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.3SRCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.4SRCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.5SRCh. 3.4 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of the...Ch. 3.4 - What is the wavelength (in nanometers) of a photon...Ch. 3.4 - What is the value of ni for an electron that emits...Ch. 3.4 - For each pair of transitions, determine which one...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.1SRCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.2SRCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.3SRCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.4SRCh. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the...Ch. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength (in...Ch. 3.5 - Use Equation 3.11 to calculate the momentum, p...Ch. 3.5 - Consider the impact of early electron diffraction...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.1SRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.2SRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.3SRCh. 3.6 - An electron in a hydrogen atom is known to have a...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 7PPACh. 3.6 - (a) Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the...Ch. 3.6 - Using Equation 3.13, we can calculate the minimum...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.1SRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.2SRCh. 3.7 - What are the possible values for the magnetic...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPACh. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPBCh. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPCCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.1SRCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.2SRCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.3SRCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.4SRCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.9WECh. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPACh. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPBCh. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPCCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.1SRCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.2SRCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.3SRCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.4SRCh. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPACh. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPCCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.1SRCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.2SRCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.3SRCh. 3.10 - Without referring to Figure 3.26, write the...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPACh. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPBCh. 3.10 - Consider again the alternate universe and its...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.1SRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.2SRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.3SRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.4SRCh. 3 - Define these terms: potential energy, kinetic...Ch. 3 - What are the units for energy commonly employed in...Ch. 3 - A truck initially traveling at 60 km/h is brought...Ch. 3 - Describe the interconversions of forms of energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9QPCh. 3 - (a) How much greater is the electrostatic energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12QPCh. 3 - List the types of electromagnetic radiation,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.14QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16QPCh. 3 - The SI unit of time is the second, which is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.18QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19QPCh. 3 - Four waves represent light in four different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.21QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.23QPCh. 3 - What is a photon? What role did Einsteins...Ch. 3 - A photon has a wavelength of 705 nm. Calculate the...Ch. 3 - The blue color of the sky results from the...Ch. 3 - A photon has a frequency of 6.5 109 Hz. (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.28QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.30QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.31QPCh. 3 - A particular form of electromagnetic radiation has...Ch. 3 - Photosynthesis makes use of visible light to bring...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.35QPCh. 3 - The binding energy of magnesium metal is 5.86 ...Ch. 3 - What is the kinetic energy of the ejected electron...Ch. 3 - A red light was shined onto a metal sample and the...Ch. 3 - A photoelectric experiment was performed by...Ch. 3 - Which of the following best explains why we see...Ch. 3 - One way to see the emission spectrum of hydrogen...Ch. 3 - How many lines would we see in the emission...Ch. 3 - For a hydrogen atom in which the electron has been...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.40QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.41QPCh. 3 - Briefly describe Bohrs theory of the hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Explain the meaning of the negative sign in...Ch. 3 - Consider the following energy levels of a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.45QPCh. 3 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of a...Ch. 3 - Calculate the frequency (hertz) and wavelength...Ch. 3 - What wavelength of light is needed to excite the...Ch. 3 - An electron in the hydrogen atom makes a...Ch. 3 - Explain why elements produce their own...Ch. 3 - Some copper-containing substances emit green light...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.52QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54QPCh. 3 - Why is Equation 3.11 meaningful only for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.56QPCh. 3 - Thermal neutrons are neutrons that move at speeds...Ch. 3 - Protons can be accelerated to speeds near that of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.59QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.61QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.62QPCh. 3 - What are the inadequacies of Bohrs theory?Ch. 3 - What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? What...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.65QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.66QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.67QPCh. 3 - The speed of a thermal neutron (see Problem 3.57)...Ch. 3 - Alveoli are tiny sacs of air in the lungs. Their...Ch. 3 - In the beginning of the twentieth century, some...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of blue light (430 nm) are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.72QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.73QPCh. 3 - Which of the four quantum numbers (n, , m, ms)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.75QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.76QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.77QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.78QPCh. 3 - Describe the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals. How...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.80QPCh. 3 - Describe the characteristics of an s orbital, p...Ch. 3 - Why is a boundary surface diagram useful in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.83QPCh. 3 - Give the values of the four quantum numbers of an...Ch. 3 - Describe how a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.86QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.87QPCh. 3 - Make a chart of all allowable orbitals in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.89QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.90QPCh. 3 - A 3s orbital is illustrated here. Using this as a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.92QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.93QPCh. 3 - State the Aufbau principle, and explain the role...Ch. 3 - Indicate the total number of (a) p electrons in N...Ch. 3 - Calculate the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.99QPCh. 3 - The electron configuration of an atom in the...Ch. 3 - List the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of impaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.105QPCh. 3 - Portions of orbital diagrams representing the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.107QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.108QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.109QPCh. 3 - Define the following terms and give an example of...Ch. 3 - Explain why the ground-state electron...Ch. 3 - Write the election configuration of a xenon core.Ch. 3 - Comment on the correctness of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.114QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.115QPCh. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - What is the symbol of the element with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.119QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.120QPCh. 3 - Discuss the current view of the correctness of the...Ch. 3 - Distinguish carefully between the following terms:...Ch. 3 - What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.124QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.125QPCh. 3 - A baseball pitchers fastball has been clocked at...Ch. 3 - A ruby laser produces radiation of wavelength 633...Ch. 3 - Four atomic energy levels of an atom are shown...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.129QPCh. 3 - Spectral lines of the Lyman and Balmer series do...Ch. 3 - Only a fraction of the electric energy supplied to...Ch. 3 - The figure here illustrates a series of...Ch. 3 - When one of heliums electrons is removed, the...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - An electron in an excited state in a hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.136QPCh. 3 - The election configurations described in this...Ch. 3 - Draw the shapes (boundary surfaces) of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.139QPCh. 3 - Consider the graph here. (a) Calculate the binding...Ch. 3 - Scientists have found interstellar hydrogen atoms...Ch. 3 - Ionization energy is the minimum energy required...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.143QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.144QPCh. 3 - The cone cells of the human eye are sensitive to...Ch. 3 - (a) An electron in the ground state of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.147QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.148QPCh. 3 - When an election makes a transition between energy...Ch. 3 - Blackbody radiation is the term used to describe...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of red light (675 nm) are...Ch. 3 - In an election microscope, electrons are...Ch. 3 - According to Einsteins special theory of...Ch. 3 - The mathematical equation for studying the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider an electron in the N shell. (a) What is the smallest orbital angular momentum it could have? (b) What is the largest orbital angular momentum it could have? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (c) What is the largest orbital angular momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (d) What is the largest spin angular momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (e) For the electron in part (c), what is the ratio of its spin angular momentum in the z-direction to its orbital angular momentum in the z-direction?arrow_forwardThe ionization energy of lithium is 520.2 kJ/mole, and the electron affinity of hydrogen is 72.8 kJ/mole.(a) Find the separation distance in LiH at which the Coulomb potential energy equals the energy cost of removing an electron from Li and adding it to H.(b) The measured electric dipole moment of the molecule LiH is 2.00 × 10^−29 C · m. What is the fractional ionic character of LiH?(c) Instead of removing an electron from Li and attaching it to H, we could regard the formation of LiH as occurring by removing an electron from H and attaching it to Li (electron affinity = 59.6 kJ/mole). Why don’t we consider this as the formation process?arrow_forward1. a) Calculate the numerical values of the energies of the first four energy levels in hydrogen in units of both joules (J) and in electron-volts (eV). The first four energy levels are found substituting n = 1, 2, 3, 4 into the equation you found in section (f) above. Show all work. b) Use r = n²ħ²/(e²km) to calculate numerical values for the radii of the first four allowed electron 'orbits' in hydrogen, in units of m. The radius of the 'orbit' closest to the nucleus is called the Bohr radius and is given the symbol ao. (You should notice that each radius is a multiple of the Bohr radius, ie. when n = 1 then r = ao, if n = 2 then r = 2² ao, at n = 3 then r = 9 ao, etc.) 1 2 3 4 c) Summarize your numerical results in the following table; Quantum number n Radius of electron's 'orbit' (m) Electron Energy (J) Electron Energy (eV)arrow_forward
- 8C.4 (a) the moment of inertia of a CH4 molecule is 5.27 x 10^-47 kg m^2. What is the minimum energy needed to start it rotating? 8C.5 (a) use the data in 8C.4 (a) to calculate the energy needed excite a CH4 molecule from a state with l=1 to a state with l=2arrow_forwardFor each of the following processes, does the potential energyof the object(s) increase or decrease? (a) The distancebetween two oppositely charged particles is increased.(b) Water is pumped from ground level to the reservoir of awater tower 30 m above the ground. (c) The bond in a chlorinemolecule, Cl2, is broken to form two chlorine atoms.arrow_forward(c) The standard enthalpy of formation of O(g) is 249 kJ/mol. Calculate the wavelength (in nm) of the electromagnetic radiation with the minimum amount of energy required for dissociation of one molecule of oxygen gas.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy in joules of a 3.23 g object moving at a speed of 713 m/s.Ek = J(b) Determine how much greater the electrostatic energy is between charges of +2 and −2 than it is between charges of +1 and −1 (assume that the distance between the charges is the same in each case).1.5 times2.0 times2.5 times3.0 times3.5 times4.0 times4.5 times5.0 timesarrow_forwardGg.231.arrow_forwardA cyclotron used to accelerate alpha-particles (m = 6.64×10−27kg, q = 3.2×10−19 C has a radius of 0.50 m and a magnetic field of 1.8 T. (a) What is the period of revolution of the alpha-particles? (b) What is their maximum kinetic energy?arrow_forward
- A fundamental relationship of electrostatics states that the en-ergy required to separate opposite charges of magnitudes Q1and Q2 that are the distance dapart is proportional to Q1XQ2/d .Use this relationship and any other factors to explain the fol-lowing observations: (a) the IE₂ of He (Z=2) is morethantwice the IE₁ of H (Z=1); (b) the IE₁ of He is less than twice the IE₁ of H.arrow_forwardThe sum of IE1through IE₄ for Group 4A(14) elements shows a decrease from C to Si, a slight increase from Si to Ge, adecrease from Ge to Sn, and an increase from Sn to Pb. (a) What is the expected trend for IEs down a group? (b) Suggest a reason for the deviations in Group 4A(14).(c) Which group might show even greater deviations?arrow_forward10. Consider two hydrogen atoms. The electron in the first one is in n=1 state, whereas in the second the electron is in the n=3 state. (a) which atom is in the ground state configuration? Why? (b) Which orbital has a larger radius? (c) Which electron is moving faster and why? (d) Which electron has a lower potential energy? (e) Which atom has higher ionization energy? Hint: assume that the radius of the n=3 orbital is =5 rBarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Quantum Mechanics - Part 1: Crash Course Physics #43; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kb1VT0J3DE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY