2nd Edition

ISBN: 9780073511184

Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.70QP

In the beginning of the twentieth century, some scientists thought that a nucleus may contain both elections and protons. Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to show that an electron cannot be confined within a nucleus. Repeat the calculation for a proton. Comment on your results. Assume the radius of a nucleus to be 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ m. The masses of an electron and a proton are 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg and 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, respectively. (Hint: Treat the radius of the nucleus as the uncertainty in position.)

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.69QP

Chapter 3, Problem 3.71QP

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In the beginning of the twentieth century, some scientists thought that a nucleus may contain both electrons and protons. Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to show that an electron cannot be confined within a nucleus. Repeat the calculation for a proton. Comment on your results. Assume the radius of a nucleus to be 1.0 × 10-15 m. The masses of an electron and a proton are 9.109 × 10-31 kg and 1.673 × 10-27 kg, respectively.

Describe the structure of a typical atom. Identify where each subatomic particle is located.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: Atoms First

Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the kinetic energy of a helium atom...Ch. 3.1 - Calculate the energy in joules of a 5.25-g object...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPB Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2WE Ch. 3.1 - How much greater is the electrostatic potential...Ch. 3.1 - What must the separation between charges of +2 and...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2PPC Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.1SR Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.2SR

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1.3SR Ch. 3.2 - One type of laser used in the treatment of...Ch. 3.2 - What is the wavelength (in meters) of an...Ch. 3.2 - What is the frequency (in reciprocal seconds) of...Ch. 3.2 - Which of the following sets of waves best...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.1SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.2SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.3SR Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2.4SR Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon...Ch. 3.3 - (a) Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.1SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.2SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.3SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.4SR Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3.5SR Ch. 3.4 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of the...Ch. 3.4 - What is the wavelength (in nanometers) of a photon...Ch. 3.4 - What is the value of ni for an electron that emits...Ch. 3.4 - For each pair of transitions, determine which one...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.1SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.2SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.3SR Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4.4SR Ch. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the...Ch. 3.5 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength (in...Ch. 3.5 - Use Equation 3.11 to calculate the momentum, p...Ch. 3.5 - Consider the impact of early electron diffraction...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.1SR Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.2SR Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5.3SR Ch. 3.6 - An electron in a hydrogen atom is known to have a...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 7PPA Ch. 3.6 - (a) Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the...Ch. 3.6 - Using Equation 3.13, we can calculate the minimum...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.1SR Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.6.2SR Ch. 3.7 - What are the possible values for the magnetic...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPA Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPB Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 8PPC Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.1SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.2SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.3SR Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7.4SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.9WE Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPA Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPB Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 9PPC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.1SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.2SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.3SR Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.8.4SR Ch. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPA Ch. 3.9 - Write the electron configuration and give the...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 10PPC Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.1SR Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.2SR Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.9.3SR Ch. 3.10 - Without referring to Figure 3.26, write the...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPA Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 11PPB Ch. 3.10 - Consider again the alternate universe and its...Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.1SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.2SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.3SR Ch. 3.10 - Prob. 3.10.4SR Ch. 3 - Define these terms: potential energy, kinetic...Ch. 3 - What are the units for energy commonly employed in...Ch. 3 - A truck initially traveling at 60 km/h is brought...Ch. 3 - Describe the interconversions of forms of energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.6QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.7QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.8QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.9QP Ch. 3 - (a) How much greater is the electrostatic energy...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.12QP Ch. 3 - List the types of electromagnetic radiation,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.14QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.15QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.16QP Ch. 3 - The SI unit of time is the second, which is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.18QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.19QP Ch. 3 - Four waves represent light in four different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.21QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.22QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.23QP Ch. 3 - What is a photon? What role did Einsteins...Ch. 3 - A photon has a wavelength of 705 nm. Calculate the...Ch. 3 - The blue color of the sky results from the...Ch. 3 - A photon has a frequency of 6.5 109 Hz. (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.28QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.29QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.30QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31QP Ch. 3 - A particular form of electromagnetic radiation has...Ch. 3 - Photosynthesis makes use of visible light to bring...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.35QP Ch. 3 - The binding energy of magnesium metal is 5.86 ...Ch. 3 - What is the kinetic energy of the ejected electron...Ch. 3 - A red light was shined onto a metal sample and the...Ch. 3 - A photoelectric experiment was performed by...Ch. 3 - Which of the following best explains why we see...Ch. 3 - One way to see the emission spectrum of hydrogen...Ch. 3 - How many lines would we see in the emission...Ch. 3 - For a hydrogen atom in which the electron has been...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.40QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.41QP Ch. 3 - Briefly describe Bohrs theory of the hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Explain the meaning of the negative sign in...Ch. 3 - Consider the following energy levels of a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.45QP Ch. 3 - Calculate the wavelength (in nanometers) of a...Ch. 3 - Calculate the frequency (hertz) and wavelength...Ch. 3 - What wavelength of light is needed to excite the...Ch. 3 - An electron in the hydrogen atom makes a...Ch. 3 - Explain why elements produce their own...Ch. 3 - Some copper-containing substances emit green light...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.52QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.53QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.54QP Ch. 3 - Why is Equation 3.11 meaningful only for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.56QP Ch. 3 - Thermal neutrons are neutrons that move at speeds...Ch. 3 - Protons can be accelerated to speeds near that of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.59QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.60QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.61QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.62QP Ch. 3 - What are the inadequacies of Bohrs theory?Ch. 3 - What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? What...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.65QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.66QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.67QP Ch. 3 - The speed of a thermal neutron (see Problem 3.57)...Ch. 3 - Alveoli are tiny sacs of air in the lungs. Their...Ch. 3 - In the beginning of the twentieth century, some...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of blue light (430 nm) are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.72QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.73QP Ch. 3 - Which of the four quantum numbers (n, , m, ms)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.75QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.77QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.78QP Ch. 3 - Describe the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals. How...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.80QP Ch. 3 - Describe the characteristics of an s orbital, p...Ch. 3 - Why is a boundary surface diagram useful in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.83QP Ch. 3 - Give the values of the four quantum numbers of an...Ch. 3 - Describe how a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.86QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.87QP Ch. 3 - Make a chart of all allowable orbitals in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.89QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.90QP Ch. 3 - A 3s orbital is illustrated here. Using this as a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.92QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.93QP Ch. 3 - State the Aufbau principle, and explain the role...Ch. 3 - Indicate the total number of (a) p electrons in N...Ch. 3 - Calculate the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the total number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Determine the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.99QP Ch. 3 - The electron configuration of an atom in the...Ch. 3 - List the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of impaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Determine the number of unpaired electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.105QP Ch. 3 - Portions of orbital diagrams representing the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.107QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.108QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.109QP Ch. 3 - Define the following terms and give an example of...Ch. 3 - Explain why the ground-state electron...Ch. 3 - Write the election configuration of a xenon core.Ch. 3 - Comment on the correctness of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.114QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.115QP Ch. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - Write the ground-state electron configurations for...Ch. 3 - What is the symbol of the element with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.119QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.120QP Ch. 3 - Discuss the current view of the correctness of the...Ch. 3 - Distinguish carefully between the following terms:...Ch. 3 - What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.124QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.125QP Ch. 3 - A baseball pitchers fastball has been clocked at...Ch. 3 - A ruby laser produces radiation of wavelength 633...Ch. 3 - Four atomic energy levels of an atom are shown...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.129QP Ch. 3 - Spectral lines of the Lyman and Balmer series do...Ch. 3 - Only a fraction of the electric energy supplied to...Ch. 3 - The figure here illustrates a series of...Ch. 3 - When one of heliums electrons is removed, the...Ch. 3 - The retina of a human eye can detect light when...Ch. 3 - An electron in an excited state in a hydrogen atom...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.136QP Ch. 3 - The election configurations described in this...Ch. 3 - Draw the shapes (boundary surfaces) of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.139QP Ch. 3 - Consider the graph here. (a) Calculate the binding...Ch. 3 - Scientists have found interstellar hydrogen atoms...Ch. 3 - Ionization energy is the minimum energy required...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.143QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.144QP Ch. 3 - The cone cells of the human eye are sensitive to...Ch. 3 - (a) An electron in the ground state of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.147QP Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.148QP Ch. 3 - When an election makes a transition between energy...Ch. 3 - Blackbody radiation is the term used to describe...Ch. 3 - Suppose that photons of red light (675 nm) are...Ch. 3 - In an election microscope, electrons are...Ch. 3 - According to Einsteins special theory of...Ch. 3 - The mathematical equation for studying the...

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Solution Summary: The author explains the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to know simultaneously the momentum and position of a particle with certainty.

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Chapter 3 Solutions