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a)
Interpretation:
Long strand of DNA have the higher melting temperature than a shorter one, the reason has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions: one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction (complementary strand). The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior, is present that enhance the stability too. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.
Melting temperature of DNA: On Heating DNA, (the process of denaturing the strand) the strand is unfolded or uncoiled.
b)
Interpretation:
The higher melting point is for either DNA with high percentage of G – C base pairs or high percentage of A – T base pairs has to be accounted.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of nucleic acid: Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Two nucleotides are joined by phosphate diester linkage where a free phosphate on 5’ carbon of one nucleotide and a free –OH group on 3’ carbon of another nucleotide is linked.
Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions: one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction (complementary strand). The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior, is present that enhance the stability too. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.
Melting temperature of DNA: On Heating DNA, (the process of denaturing the strand) the strand is unfolded or uncoiled.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- The urea cycle rids of the body of excess nitrogen by converting it to a form that can be excreted in the urine. Label the steps of the urea cycle shown in the diagram and move the molecules in their positions.arrow_forwardLabel each of the intermediates in the urea cycle. H₂N NH₂ NH +H,N A -OOC HN- H H₂N- H₂N= COO NH NH₂ NH H H COO- +H,N COO +H,N COO- +H,N COO- B C D Answer Bank argininosuccinate arginine ornithine citrullinearrow_forwardDeficiencies of carnitine, carnitine acyltransferases, or carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase affect the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. Many of the symptoms are similar, and include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, low ketone levels and low blood sugar with fasting, and damage to the liver, heart, or muscles due to fatty acid buildup in those tissues. Symptom severity varies with the form of the deficiency. The following abbreviations are used: carnitine acyltransferase (carnitine palmitoyltransferase), CPT and carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, CACT. Identify each symptom or effect as a deficiency of CPT I, CPT II, or CACT. CPT I deficiency CPT II deficiency CACT deficiency Answer Bank acyl carnitine not transported into mitochondrial matrix acyl carnitine not converted to carnitine in matrix long-chain fatty acids not transferred to carnitinearrow_forward
- Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal regulation of blood glucose levels. If left untreated, diabetes leads to chronic hyperglycemia and numerous pathological complications. Classify each characteristic according to whether it best describes type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes Answer Bank Type 2 diabetes linked with obesity and insufficient exercise characterized by insulin deficiency typically develops in adulthood characterized by insulin unresponsiveness typically develops during childhood an autoimmune diseasearrow_forwardDraw the structure of the dipeptide Gly-lle at physiological pHarrow_forwardIdentify 6 the figure belowarrow_forward
- 3) b) c) NH2 HO. and ΝΗ NH2 HO.arrow_forwardOne of the codons for Alanine is 5’GCA3’. Which of the following tRNA sequences base pairs with this codon? 5’GCA3’ 5’ACG3’ 5’UGC3’ 5’CGU3’ Select Any that Apply Which of the following protein factors hydrolyses GTP? IF-1 IF-2 IF-3 EF-Tu EF-G EF-Ts RF1 RF2 Question 4 Question 4 1 Point What is a mRNA that codes for a single protein called? Blank 1arrow_forward5.) Draw Gly-Phe-Lys-Lys as it would appear at pH 1 Explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forward
- 3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forward3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forwardApply your knowledge Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water? Why do monosaccharides have high boiling and melting points? Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below 9 Reducing & non - reducing sugars ( Learning goal 5) A classification that helps differentiate monosaccharides Reducing sugars Also known as aldoses. E. g. glucose Changes Benedicts solution from ) blue to redarrow_forward
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning