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Interpretation:
The structure of given uridine 5’-phosphate has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’.
Nitrogenous bases: Five types of nitrogenous bases (has unique one-letter code A, G, T, U, and C) are derived from two parent compounds called purine and pyrimidine. The purine derivatives are Adenine and Guanine, which are two fused nitrogen containing rings. The pyrimidine derivatives are Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil, which are only one nitrogen containing six-membered ring. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are the nitrogenous bases present in RNA.
Nucleotide: (Nucleoside + phosphate)
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nuclei acids; monomers of DNA and RNA
Nucleoside and its naming: The combination of monosaccharide (sugar) and nitrogenous base is known as nucleoside. The nucleoside names are the nitrogenous base name modified with criteria. While naming nucleoside of purine derivatives the suffix ‘-osine’ is included and for pyrimidine derivatives the suffix ‘-idine’ is used. No prefix used for the nucleosides containing ribose and the prefix ‘deoxy-’ is used for deoxyribose.
Naming nucleotide: At the end of the nucleoside, phosphate group is added. For example, 5’-monophosphate means adding one phosphate group at 5’carbon in the sugar ring.
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- The urea cycle rids of the body of excess nitrogen by converting it to a form that can be excreted in the urine. Label the steps of the urea cycle shown in the diagram and move the molecules in their positions.arrow_forwardLabel each of the intermediates in the urea cycle. H₂N NH₂ NH +H,N A -OOC HN- H H₂N- H₂N= COO NH NH₂ NH H H COO- +H,N COO +H,N COO- +H,N COO- B C D Answer Bank argininosuccinate arginine ornithine citrullinearrow_forwardDeficiencies of carnitine, carnitine acyltransferases, or carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase affect the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. Many of the symptoms are similar, and include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, low ketone levels and low blood sugar with fasting, and damage to the liver, heart, or muscles due to fatty acid buildup in those tissues. Symptom severity varies with the form of the deficiency. The following abbreviations are used: carnitine acyltransferase (carnitine palmitoyltransferase), CPT and carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, CACT. Identify each symptom or effect as a deficiency of CPT I, CPT II, or CACT. CPT I deficiency CPT II deficiency CACT deficiency Answer Bank acyl carnitine not transported into mitochondrial matrix acyl carnitine not converted to carnitine in matrix long-chain fatty acids not transferred to carnitinearrow_forward
- Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal regulation of blood glucose levels. If left untreated, diabetes leads to chronic hyperglycemia and numerous pathological complications. Classify each characteristic according to whether it best describes type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes Answer Bank Type 2 diabetes linked with obesity and insufficient exercise characterized by insulin deficiency typically develops in adulthood characterized by insulin unresponsiveness typically develops during childhood an autoimmune diseasearrow_forwardDraw the structure of the dipeptide Gly-lle at physiological pHarrow_forwardIdentify 6 the figure belowarrow_forward
- 3) b) c) NH2 HO. and ΝΗ NH2 HO.arrow_forwardOne of the codons for Alanine is 5’GCA3’. Which of the following tRNA sequences base pairs with this codon? 5’GCA3’ 5’ACG3’ 5’UGC3’ 5’CGU3’ Select Any that Apply Which of the following protein factors hydrolyses GTP? IF-1 IF-2 IF-3 EF-Tu EF-G EF-Ts RF1 RF2 Question 4 Question 4 1 Point What is a mRNA that codes for a single protein called? Blank 1arrow_forward5.) Draw Gly-Phe-Lys-Lys as it would appear at pH 1 Explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forward
- 3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forward3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forwardApply your knowledge Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water? Why do monosaccharides have high boiling and melting points? Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below 9 Reducing & non - reducing sugars ( Learning goal 5) A classification that helps differentiate monosaccharides Reducing sugars Also known as aldoses. E. g. glucose Changes Benedicts solution from ) blue to redarrow_forward
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning