Chapter 22, Problem 50A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given chemical reaction needs to be classified.

$2-\text{butene}+\text{hydrogen}\to \text{butane}$

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

$2-\text{butene}+\text{hydrogen}\to \text{butane}$

In the given reaction, hydrogen atom is added to double bond in 2-butene to form butane. Thus, it is an addition reaction.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given chemical reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{Propane}+\text{fluorine}\to \text{2-fluoropropane+hydrogen fluoride}$

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

$\text{Propane}+\text{fluorine}\to \text{2-fluoropropane+hydrogen fluoride}$

In the given reaction, propane reacts with fluorine which results in the substitution of F on propane and hydrogen fluoride is formed as a side product.

Therefore, it is a substitution reaction.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given chemical reaction needs to be classified.

$2-\text{propanol}\to \text{propene}+\text{water}$

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

$2-\text{propanol}\to \text{propene}+\text{water}$

Here, 2-propanol eliminates water from it to form propene. Thus, it is an elimination reaction.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given chemical reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{cyclobutene}+\text{water}\to \text{cyclobutanol}$

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows:

$\text{cyclobutene}+\text{water}\to \text{cyclobutanol}$

In the above reaction, addition of water takes place to cyclobutene to form cyclobutanol.

Thus, it is an addition reaction.