Chapter 22, Problem 45A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 2, 2-dichloro-3-pentanone needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The name of the compound is 2, 2-dichloro-3-pentanone.

From the name, it can be seen that there are 5 carbon atoms in the main carbon chain. Also, there are 2 chlorine groups and 2^nd position and ketone group at 3^rd position.

The structure of the carbonyl compound will be:

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 4-methylpentanal needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The name of the compound is 4-methylpentanal.

From the name, it can be seen that there are 5 carbon atoms in the main carbon chain. Also, there is an aldehyde group at 1^st position and methyl group at 4^th position.

The structure of compound will be:

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of isopropyl hexanoate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is isopropyl hexanoate. There is an ester group with isopropyl and hexane group linked together.

The structure of the carbonyl group compound is as follows:

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of octanoamide needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is octanoamide.

The carbon chain has 8 carbon atoms and an amide functional group.

The structure of compound will be:

e.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-fluoro-2-methylbutanoic acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is 3-fluoro-2-methylbutanoic acid. From the name, it has 4 carbon atoms in the chain and a carboxylic acid group. There is 1 methyl group and 1 fluorine group at 2^nd and 3^rd position in the chain respectively.

The structure of compound will be:

f.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclopentanal needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is cyclopentanal.

From the name there is cyclic ring with 5 carbon atoms. Also, there is an aldehyde group.

The structure of compound will be:

g.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of hexyl methanoate needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is hexyl methanoate. From the name, there is an ester group. Also, there is a hexyl and methane group which is joined together.

Thus, the structure of compound will be: