Chapter 22, Problem 33A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 1-bromo-2-chloroproapane needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The given formula is 1-bromo-2-chloropropane.

From the name it can be seen that there are 3 carbon atoms in the chain. Also, there is 1 bromine atom and 1 chlorine atom at 1^st and 2^nd position respectively.

Thus, the structure of compound will be:

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the compound has optical isomers or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If there are same number of atoms in two compounds but the arrangement is different also, the structure of two compounds are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, they are termed as optical isomers.

Explanation of Solution

When two compounds contain same number of atoms and bonds but different spatial arrangements of atoms with non-superimposable mirror images, then they are known as optical isomers.

The non-superimposable mirror images are known as enantiomer.

The mirror image of the given compound is represented as follows:

Thus, the compound has optical isomer.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chiral carbon atom needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The chiral center has 4 different groups attached to carbon atom.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

Here, the carbon atom which is attached to 4 different groups is chiral carbon. This is represented as follows:

Thus, the chiral center is represented in the structure of the compound.