For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Nomenclature of aldehydes : Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al . If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.77AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,4-dimethylhexanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of aldehydes:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as aldehyde and –al is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the -CHO group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with –CHO group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than –CHO group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order. For the parent alkane chain ‘e’ is replaced by –al. If more than one aldehyde is present then it will be named as di, tri, tetra, etc at the end of parent alkane chain.

Answer 8

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 9

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 10

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

Answer 11

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Naming of ketones:

Firstly, the functional group from the below structure will be identified as ketone and –one is added as the suffix. Subsequently find the longest carbon chain, which is bonded with the ketone group. In case of the cyclic compounds, numbering starts with ketone group attached carbon, which is considered a primary carbon. Prefix changes if any other substituents are present in the structure other than ketone group. In case of more than one substituents naming will be given in alphabetical order.

Answer 12

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

Answer 13

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12.1 - a. Label the hydroxyl groups, thiols, halogens,...Ch. 12.1 - Draw out each compound to clearly show what groups...Ch. 12.2 - Classify each alcohol as 1, 2, or 3.Ch. 12.2 - Classify each hydroxyl group in sorbitol as 1, 2,...Ch. 12.2 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12.2 - Label each compound as water soluble or water...Ch. 12.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12.3 - Name each ether. a. CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3 b....Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of 3,4-dimethylhexanal and 4-hydroxyheptane.

Videos

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of 3,4-dimethylhexanal and 4-hydroxyheptane.

Videos

Interpretation: For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation: For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Refer to part ‘c.’.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Interpretation:

For the name of 4-hydroxyheptanal, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the name of 2,4,5-triethylcyclohexanone, structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part ‘c.’.