For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined Concept introduction: Chirality center: When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.91AP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Chirality center:

When a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, then that carbon is named as chiral carbon and it is called as chirality center. Generally, the carbon atom contains tetrahedral valency, therefore it bonded to four atoms or molecules. The chiral center is bonded with four different elements or groups. If the single carbon atom is bonded to two or more identical group or atom, then it is also not considered as chiral carbon. In addition to this, if the carbon atom contains multiple bond then it does not able to bond with four different groups then it is not considered to be as a chirality center.

Answer 8

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 9

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 10

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 11

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 12

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 13

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12.1 - a. Label the hydroxyl groups, thiols, halogens,...Ch. 12.1 - Draw out each compound to clearly show what groups...Ch. 12.2 - Classify each alcohol as 1, 2, or 3.Ch. 12.2 - Classify each hydroxyl group in sorbitol as 1, 2,...Ch. 12.2 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12.2 - Label each compound as water soluble or water...Ch. 12.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 12.3 - Name each ether. a. CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3 b....Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that when a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, it is called as chirality center.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that when a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, it is called as chirality center.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined Concept introduction: Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation: For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined Concept introduction: Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation: For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined Concept introduction: Refer to part “a.”.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.

Interpretation:

For the below compound the chirality centers has to be labeled and number of chiral centers should be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part “a.”.