Electron affinity of Mg 2 + is to be calculated. Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy. The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons. Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 119E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Electron affinity of Mg2+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Al+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl− is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Ionization energy of Cl is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Electron affinity of Cl+ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell have, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 2DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 3DQ Ch. 12 - The first four ionization energies for elements X...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 6DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 7DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 8DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 9DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 10DQ

Solution Summary: The author explains how ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus.

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