Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy. Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy. The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons. An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Question

An expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

An expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.

The reaction of solid dimethylhydrazine, (CH3)2N2H2, and liquefied dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, has been investigated for use as rocket fuel. The reaction produces the gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and water vapor (H2O), which are ejected in the exhaust gases. In a controlled experiment, solid dimethylhydrazine was reacted with excess dinitrogen tetroxide, and the gases were collected in a closed balloon until a pressure of 2.50 atm and a temperature of 400.0 K were reached.(a) What are the partial pressures of CO2, N2, and H2O?(b) When the CO2 is removed by chemical reaction, what are the partial pressures of the remaining gases?

One liter of chlorine gas at 1 atm and 298 K reacts completely with 1.00 L of nitrogen gas and 2.00 L of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure. A single gaseous product is formed, which fills a 2.00 L flask at 1.00 atm and 298 K. Use this information to determine the following characteristics of the product:(a) its empirical formula;(b) its molecular formula;(c) the most favorable Lewis formula based on formal charge arguments (the central atom is N);(d) the shape of the molecule.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 104E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Te , S , Se should be arranged based on least to greatest first ionization energy.

Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.

The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.

An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms K , Br , Ni should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Ba , Si , F should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atoms Rb , Na , Be should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Ne , Se , Sr should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Atom Fe , P , O should be arranged based on least to greatest ionization energy.

Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.

Answer 18

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 21

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 22

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 23

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 24

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 25

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 26

Trending now

Answer 27

This is a popular solution!

Answer 28

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 29

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 2DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 3DQ Ch. 12 - The first four ionization energies for elements X...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 6DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 7DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 8DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 9DQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 10DQ

Solution Summary: The author explains how ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus.

Videos

Chapter 12 Solutions