
Interpretation:Out of
Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.
The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.
Reverse of ionization process may result in gain of one or more electron as exhibited by group 16 and 17 so as to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as

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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemical Principles
- ulating the pH salt solution Calculate the pH at 25 °C of a 0.75M solution of anilinium chloride (C6H5NH3C1). Note that aniline (C6H5NH2) is a weak base with a pK of 4.87. Round your answer to 1 decimal place. pH = ☐ ☑ ⑤ ? olo 18 Ararrow_forwardI apologize, but the app is not allowing me to post the other 4 pictures of the thermodynamics chart. But I believe the values are universal. Please help!arrow_forwardCalculating the pH of a salt solution Calculate the pH at 25 °C of a 0.29M solution of potassium butanoate (KC3H,CO2). Note that butanoic acid (HC3H,CO2) is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.82. Round your answer to 1 decimal place. pH = -0 Х olo 18 Ararrow_forward
- : At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 1.58 × 10-12 N2(g) + O2(g) = 2 NO(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 38. L reaction vessel is filled with 0.93 mol of N2 and 0.93 mol of O2. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little N2 and O2. There will be very little NO. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 NO(g) N2(9)+02(9) What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 3 N2(9)+302(g) 6 NO(g) Neither of the above is true. K = ☐ K = ☐ ☐ X10 Х D ? 000 18 Ar Barrow_forwardwhen performing the reaction that involves 2 equivalents of 3-(diethylamino)-phenol and Phthalic anhydride with sulfuric acid and water react to form rhodamine b where the Phthalic anhydride cleaves in acid and how does Excessive Washing (w/ Base) & Subsequent Resonance Structure get affectedarrow_forward3. The strongest acid of the following compounds is ___.A. p-nitrophenol; B. m-nitrophenol; C. o-chlorophenol;D. p-methoxyphenol; E. o-methylphenol Please explain your steps and thought process. Thank you!arrow_forward
- Using the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 1.3 × 10 4: Cl2(g) + CHCl3(g) HCl(g) + CC₁(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 16. L reaction vessel is filled with 1.6 mol of HCI and 1.6 mol of CCl4. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little Cl2 and CHCl3. ☐ x10 There will be very little HCI and CCl4. Neither of the above is true. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. HCl(g)+CC14(g) 12 Cl2(9)+CHCl3(9) K = 0 ☐ What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 Cl₂(9)+2CHCl3(9) 2 HCl(9)+2CC₁₁(9) K = ✓ 00. 18 Ararrow_forward10. The most important reason why Br- is a better nucleophile than Cl-is ___. A. polarizability; B. size; C. solvation; D. basicity; E. polarity. Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forwardPredicting the qualitative acid-base properties of salts Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: base acid Ка K₁₁ name formula name formula nitrous acid HNO2 4.5×10 4 pyridine CHEN 1.7 × 10 9 4 hydrofluoric acid HF 6.8 × 10 methylamine CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10¯ Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on. solution 0.1 M NaNO2 0.1 M KF pH choose one v choose one v 0.1 M C5H5NHBr 0.1 M CH3NH3CI choose one v ✓ choose one 1 (lowest) 2 ☑ 3 4 (highest) 000 18 Ararrow_forward
- 4. The major product from treatment of 2-propanol with the Jonesreagent is ___.A. acetone; B. none of the other answers is correct C. propene; D.propanoic acid; E carbon dioxide. Please include all steps! Thank you!arrow_forward7. All of the following compounds that are at the same oxidation levelare ___.u. methyl epoxide, v. propyne, w. propanal, x. propene,y. 2,2-dihydroxypropane, z. isopropanol?A. u,v,w,y; B. u,v,w; C. v,w,y,z; D. v, z; E. x,y,z Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward9. Which one of the following substituents is the worst leaving group inan SN2 reaction? A. -NH2; B. -OH; C. –F; D. NH3; E. H2O Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forward
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