Trend in electron affinity values from Al to Cl as − 44 kJ/mol , − 120 kJ/mol , − 74 kJ/mol , − 200.4 kJ/mol and − 348.7 kJ/mol should be rationalized. Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy. The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons. Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.
Trend in electron affinity values from Al to Cl as − 44 kJ/mol , − 120 kJ/mol , − 74 kJ/mol , − 200.4 kJ/mol and − 348.7 kJ/mol should be rationalized. Concept introduction: In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy. The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons. Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the energy imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species is ionization energy, which is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus.
Study of body parts and their functions. In this combined field of study, anatomy refers to studying the body structure of organisms, whereas physiology refers to their function.
Chapter 12, Problem 118E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:Trend in electron affinity values from Al to Cl as −44 kJ/mol , −120 kJ/mol , −74 kJ/mol , −200.4 kJ/mol and −348.7 kJ/mol should be rationalized.
Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.
The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.
Reverse of ionization process may result in a gain of one or more electron as exhibited by groups 16 and 17 to attain noble core configuration. These groups have 6 and seven valence electrons and hence favorably accept 2 and 1 electron respectively. This behavior is termed as electron affinity.
Shown below is the mechanism presented for the formation of biasplatin in reference 1 from the Background and Experiment document. The amounts used of each reactant are shown. Either draw or describe a better alternative to this mechanism. (Note that the first step represents two steps combined and the proton loss is not even shown; fixing these is not the desired improvement.) (Hints: The first step is correct, the second step is not; and the amount of the anhydride is in large excess to serve a purpose.)
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Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction:
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