Chapter 11.SE, Problem 80AP

Amines are converted into alkenes by a two-step process called Hofmann elimination. S_N2 reaction of the amine with an excess of CH₃I in the first step yields an intermediate that undergoes E2 reaction when treated with silver oxide as base. Pentylamine, for example, yields 1-pentene. Propose a structure for the intermediate, and explain why it readily undergoes elimination.