a)
Interpretation:
The change has to be explained when -CN concentration is halved, and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentration is doubled and Both the -CN and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentrations are tripled.
Concept introduction:
SN2 reaction:
The alcohol is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms in simultaneous manner and which is bearing alcohol group which yield the corresponding product.
Example:
Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound. This tosylated compound is further reaction with sodium methoxide which undergoes again SN2 type of reaction, the methoxide ion attacks the carbon atom through the back side and provides Inverse configuration of methoxy compound. This is shown below,
SN2 reaction is second order
b)
Interpretation:
The change has to be explained when -CN concentration is halved, and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentration is doubled and Both the -CN and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentrations are tripled.
Concept introduction:
SN2 reaction:
The alcohol is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms in simultaneous manner and which is bearing alcohol group which yield the corresponding product.
Example:
Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound. This tosylated compound is further reaction with sodium methoxide which undergoes again SN2 type of reaction, the methoxide ion attacks the carbon atom through the back side and provides Inverse configuration of methoxy compound. This is shown below,
SN2 reaction is second order reaction, the rate of the reaction is depending on the both substrate and nucleophiles.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Devise a synthesis of (E)-tetradec-11-enal, a sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, a pest that destroys fir and spruce forests, from acetylene, Br(CH2)10OH, and any needed organic compounds or inorganic reagents.arrow_forwardThe reaction of 1-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide in ethanol occurs by an SN2mechanism. What happens to the rate of this reaction under the following conditions?(a) The concentration of NaOH is doubled.(b) The concentrations of both NaOH and 1-bromopropane are doubled.(c) The volume of the solution in which the reaction is carried out is doubled.arrow_forwardThe reaction of (S)-2-bromopentane with potassium cyanide to yield 2-methylpentanenitrile (2-cyanopentane) occurs due to a nucleophilic substitution pathway. The reaction is 100% stereospecific. Please explain what this observation tells about the mechanism of the reaction.arrow_forward
- The following questions concern ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(a) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by a Dieckmann cyclization.(b) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by acylation of a ketone.(c) Write structural formulas for the two most stable enol forms of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(d) Write the three most stable resonance contributors to the most stable enolate derived from ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(e) Show how you could use ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate to prepare 2-methylcyclohexanone.(f) Give the structure of the product formed on treatment of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate with acrolein (H2C=CHCH=O) in ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxidearrow_forwardQ12 Protonation converts the hydroxyl group of an alcohol to a good leaving group. Suggest a mechanism for each reaction. (a) (b) OH HBr (SN1 or SN2) H₂SO4 A Br + H₂Oarrow_forward1. At what position and on what ring would you expect the following substances to undergo electrophilic substitution? (b) CH3 Br lel CH3 2. Rank the compounds in each group according to their reactivity toward electrophilic substitution. (a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, benzene (b) p-Bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol (c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, 0-xylene (d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrilearrow_forward
- Predict the product formed in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and sodium methoxide (NaOCH3). Draw the mechanism for the reaction, showing why the product you have selected is formed.arrow_forwardNaBH4 CH3OH (A) 요 PQ-18. In which reaction would the addition of the nucleophile be reversible? (B) LiAlH4 THF NaCN HCN CH3MgBr Et₂O (C) (D) 요arrow_forwardDevise a synthesis of (E)-tetradec-11-enal, a sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, a pest that destroys r and spruce forests, from acetylene, Br(CH2)10OH, and any needed organic compounds or inorganic reagents.arrow_forward
- Q2 Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Br HBr ROOR hv cat. H₂SO4 H₂O HBr > HCI EtOH cat. H₂SO4 H₂O Br OH Br xBr+ Br CI CH₂CH3 OH H H -OH Br CH₂CH3arrow_forwardHow many potential E2 elimination products can form from the addition of NaOH to the following: (free hint: trans-decalin cannot undergo a ring flip) → 1/2/3/no products H Br "H. H, Brarrow_forwardPropose a plausible mechanism for the following transformation. OH 1) NaH 2) El OEtarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning