Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In sex-linked inheritance, the genes are associated with one of the sex chromosomes; either on X or Y. Most of the sex-linked chromosomes are associated with X chromosome, as it has longer arms which can bear number of genes.
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In mammals, males have X and Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. While the Y sex chromosome has very few genes associated with it, the X sex chromosome has many that are important to maintain life. How do mammals account for this in terms of equaling out gene expression levels?
A. Mammals do not need to account for this, but birds do.
B. Females produce more proteins from X-linked genes than males do.
C. The single X of the males works twice as hard to keep up with the female’s two Xs.
D. The females have one X inactivated to permit the males to keep pace with them.
In organisms with X and Y chromosomes, many more genes can be found on the X chromosome than on the Y chromosome. In mammals, how might this deviate from traits being expressed, according to Mendel?
A.
Females might exhibit a mix of traits rather than all dominant or all recessive traits.
B.
Only females will have the traits resulting from the X-linked genes.
C.
Females will overproduce some proteins in relation to males’ production levels.
D.
This will not result in individuals deviating from Mendel’s principles.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of X-linked recessive traits in humans?
a.
Approximately one-half of the sons of a female carrier are affected.
b.
More males than females affected.
c.
Phenotypically normal daughters of affected men are always carriers.
d.
They cannot be passed from father to son.
e.
Affected daughters always have an affected mother.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - describe the relationships among chromosomes, DNA,...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.2 - distinguish between self-fertilization and...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Sudden Death on the court Many traits, in humans...Ch. 11.3 - describe the pattern of inheritance of a trait...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.5 - explain how polygenic inheritance and...Ch. 11.6 - describe how the patterns of inheritance differ...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.7 - explain why most sex-linked traits are controlled...Ch. 11.7 - describe the pattern of inheritance of sex-linked...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 11.8 - use pedigrees to determine the pattern of...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1ETCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2ETCh. 11 - Prob. 1ACCh. 11 - An organism is described as Rr, with red coloring....Ch. 11 - In certain cattle, hair color can be red...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11 - Define the following terms: gene, allele,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2ACCh. 11 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 2GPCh. 11 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 3GPCh. 11 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Genes that are present on one sex chromosome but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4GPCh. 11 - Prob. 4MCCh. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 5GPCh. 11 - Prob. 5MCCh. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Prob. 6GPCh. 11 - Prob. 6RQCh. 11 - In the couple described in Problem 6, the woman...
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- Which of the following statements regarding the Y chromosome in mammals is TRUE?A. The Y chromosome is less than half the size of the X chromosome.B.Y chromosomes are most often present in egg cells and are not found in sperm cells. C.Most female mammals have one Y chromosome. D. The Y chromosome contains no protein-coding genes.arrow_forwardAccording to the Lyon hypothesis,a. one of the X chromosomes is converted to a Barr body insomatic cells of female mammals.b. one of the X chromosomes is converted to a Barr body in allcells of female mammals.c. both of the X chromosomes are converted to Barr bodies insomatic cells of female mammals.d. both of the X chromosomes are converted to Barr bodies inall cells of female mammals.arrow_forwardNondisjunction can happen in males and females. It has been found to correlate with advanced maternal age but not paternal age. Why is that? A. Because estrogen promotes non-disjunction. B. Because oogenesis has a prolonged prophase and is more prone to have errors with maternal age. C. Because more mutations can happen in females. D. All of the above.arrow_forward
- In marsupials, X inactivation occurs exclusively to paternally derived chromosomes. Which genes will ALWAYS be expressed in this situation? A. maternal X-linked genes B. paternal X-linked genes C. maternal Y-linked genes D. paternal Y-linked genesarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? Overexpression of the X-chromosome in the somatic cells of males a. leads to the formation of a Barr body in male cells' nuclei. b. leads to cellular mosaicism in males hemizygous for an X-linked gene. c. is characteristic of all XY systems of sex determination. d. is the mechanism in flies to compensate for the higher dosage of X-linked genes in females as compared to males. e. None of the abovearrow_forwardLocus heterogeneity refers to a genetic disorder thata. has a heterogeneous phenotype.b. is caused by mutations in two or more different genes.c. involves a structural change in multiple chromosomes.d. is inherited from both parents.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? Inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the somatic cells of mammalian females..... a. underlies the Calico phenotype in cats. b. leads to cellular mosaicism in females heterozygous for an X-linked gene. c. affects 75 % of the paternal and 25 % of the maternal X-chromosomes of a mammalian body. d. leads to the formation of a Barr body in female cells' nuclei. e. is the mechanism in mammals to compensate for the higher dosage of X-linked genes in females as compared to males.arrow_forwardOn average, what proportion of X-linked genes in the first individual are the same (inherited from a common ancestor) as those in the second individual? a. A male and his mother b. A female and her mother c. A male and his father d. A female and her father e. A male and his brother f. A female and her sister g. A male and his sister h. A female and her brotherarrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios best describes an epistatic gene? Select one: a. Fur pattern is controlled by two genes such that one gene inhibits the expression of the other gene. b. Chicken combs follow a dominance hierarchy whereby a walnut comb is the most dominant and a single comb is the least dominant. c. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have some resistance to malaria. d. Mouse fur colours are expressed as a blend of the dominant black colour and the recessive white colour, resulting in a heterozygous brown colour.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true of sex limited traits? A they are determind by genes on the autosomes. B they are expressed in only one sex (mal or female). C they are carrid on the X chromsome. D they often result in sexual demorphism (very different physical appearance in male and female animals).arrow_forward1. During the Human Genome Project, scientists learned that most of the human genome A. doesn't code for proteins. B. is located on sex chromosomes. C. isn't inherited. D. codes for proteins. 2 Tortoiseshell cats have different alleles for fur colors on their X chromosomes, with different X chromoson bein activate different cells, a phenomenon called A X-inactivation. B. X-expression. C. X-activation. D. Y-inactivation. 3 Consider that people with blue eyes must have two alleles for blue eyes since blue eye color is a recessive trait. A blue-eyed person and a brown-eyed person have an offspring with blue eyes. The brown-eyed person must A. have two alleles for blue eyes. B. have two alleles for brown eyes. C. not have the dominant brown eye allele. D, have one allele for blue eyes and one allele for brown eyes.arrow_forwardColor blindness in men is controlled by a recessive gene located on the X chromosome. Can a brother and sister with color blindness have another normal brother? A. Yes, if the mother is a carrier. B.Yes, if the mother is homozygous. C.Yes, if the father is heterogametic. D.Yes, if the father is a carrier.arrow_forward
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