Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 2FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Mendel had hypothesized that the traits can be independently inherited. Law of independent assortment suggested that there is the independent inheritance of 2 or more than 2 traits.
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In man, muscular dystrophy is a condition in which the muscles waste away during early life and may result in a shorter life expectancy. It is due to a sex-linked, recessive gene. A certain couple has five children – three boys (ages 1yr, 3yrs, and 10yrs old) and two girls (ages 5yrs and 7yrs old). The oldest boy shows the symptoms of this disease. You are their family physician and they come to you for advice. What would you tell them about the chances of their other children developing the disease?
Color-blindness is a recessive disorder found on the X chromosome. There can be individuals that are carriers for
the trait (Of the two X chromosomes they have, only one has the colorblindness allele while the other is normal.
In this pattern of inheritance, all carriers are female). We express sex-linked traits with respect to our sex
chromosomes. For example, if the allele for colorblindness is "b" and the allele for normal color vision is "B",
then a female carrier is X x.
II
III
IV
6. What are the two sex chromosomes for females?
What are the two sex chromosomes for
males?
7. Is the Generation I male colorblind?
his sex chromosomes)?.
What is his genotype (be sure to express it with regard to
8. Why are all the females in Generation II carriers? (be careful: one of the females shown "married in" to the
family)
9. The first couple in Generation II has four children. Show the genotypes of their daughters. What is the
probability their daughters will be carriers?
10. If a female…
X‑linked, recessive diseases, such as hemophilia, are extremely rare in the population. However, many women are carriers and show no sign of the disease. The pedigree illustrates the inheritance of an X‑linked, recessive disease.
Determine whether the unknown individuals are affected by the disease, unaffected by the disease, or carriers of the X‑linked recessive allele. Unaffected individuals are not carriers of the X‑linked recessive allele.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - describe the relationships among chromosomes, DNA,...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.2 - distinguish between self-fertilization and...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Sudden Death on the court Many traits, in humans...Ch. 11.3 - describe the pattern of inheritance of a trait...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.5 - explain how polygenic inheritance and...Ch. 11.6 - describe how the patterns of inheritance differ...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.7 - explain why most sex-linked traits are controlled...Ch. 11.7 - describe the pattern of inheritance of sex-linked...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 11.8 - use pedigrees to determine the pattern of...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1ETCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2ETCh. 11 - Prob. 1ACCh. 11 - An organism is described as Rr, with red coloring....Ch. 11 - In certain cattle, hair color can be red...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11 - Define the following terms: gene, allele,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2ACCh. 11 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 2GPCh. 11 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 3GPCh. 11 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Genes that are present on one sex chromosome but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4GPCh. 11 - Prob. 4MCCh. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 5GPCh. 11 - Prob. 5MCCh. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Prob. 6GPCh. 11 - Prob. 6RQCh. 11 - In the couple described in Problem 6, the woman...
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- Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene is found on the X chromosome. How can a man with normal color vision father a daughter who is red-green color-blind? Group of answer choices The man is heterozygous for red-green color blindness. The woman with whom he mates is red-green color-blind. He can't (unless there is a mutation). The man's mother carries an allele for red-green color blindness, and the expression of the trait skipped a generation.arrow_forwardRed-green colorblindness is due to a sex-linked recessive gene. If two normal parents have a colorblind son, provide the genotypes of the parents and all the possible genotypes of their children.arrow_forwardin humans, as well as with many other animals, sex is determined by special sex chromosomes. An individuai containing two X chromosomes is a female, while an individual possessing an X and Y chromosome is a male. The sex chromosomes bear alleles for traits. Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. These genes are considered sex-linked because their expression and inheritance patterns differ between males and females. The genes present on the X chromosome are said to be X linked. Many more genes are present on the A chromosome than found on the Y chromosome. Nonetheless, those genes found on the Y chromosome are said to be Y linked. The Y chromosome is smaller than its homoloque, the X chromosome. Consequently, most of the loci present on the X chromosome are absent on the Y chromosome. 1. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will have the disease or not (but they won't be ever carriers) XH…arrow_forward
- Geneticists are concerned about three different genetic conditions present within their family. Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that results in short-limbed dwarfism. (A = achondroplasia allele; a = average height allele). Red-Green Color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder (Xc = color blindness allele; XC = normal color vision allele). The 7-year-old son has an autosomal recessive form of deafness. (h = deafness allele; H = normal hearing allele.) All three family members were karyotyped, and additional genetic testing was performed to determine the chromosomal location of the genes being studied. The figures below show the karyotypes of the mother and father with respect to the chromosomes containing the three genes mentioned above. Question: The couple’s 7-year-old son has all three of these genetic conditions (achondroplasia, color blindness and deafness). Taking into consideration the genotypes of his parents, what is the complete…arrow_forwardIn humans, as well as in many other animals and some plants, the sex of the individual is determined by sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are one pair of non-homologous chromosomes: XX represents a female, while XY represents a male. When a gene for a specific trait Is attached to the X or Y chromosome, we say it is sex-linked, and when it is attached to the X chromosome, we say it is X-linked. Alleles for these linked traits, such as hemophilia or color blindness, crosses, may be recessive or dominant. This is one possible cross (above) for the X-linked condition known as hemophilia. Which pair of parents is most likely to have a hemophiliac daughter? A) carrier mother and unaffected father B) carrier mother and hemophiliac father hemophiliac mother and a carrier father D) unaffected, non-carrier mother and hemophiliac fatherarrow_forwardThe mode of inheritance of the auricular hypertrichous trait in the Brown family is clearly an instance of: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b d recessive inheritance with the females being carriers. dominant inheritance with the males being carriers. X-linked inheritance, which is being expressed in the males since they only have one X chromosome. Y-linked inheritance, which can never be passed on to females.arrow_forward
- This pedigree (below) shows inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family. Assume the trait is rare. What is the mode of inheritance for this trait. You know this because that mode of inheritance is characterized by: • An affected male parent passes the allele to and individuals who have the allele express it and sons and of his daughters. • An affected female parent passes the allele to 588 of her daughters. of his sons of herarrow_forwardThe most common form of colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked hereditary con dition caused by a defect on the X chromosome. Females are XX, while males are XY. Individuals inherit one chromosome from each parent, with equal probability; for example, an individual has a 50% chance of inheriting their father's X chromosome, and a 50% chance of inheriting their father's Y chromosome. If a male has an X chromosome with the defect, he is colorblind. However, a female with only one defective X chromo some will not be colorblind. Thus, colorblindness is more common in males than females; 7% of males are colorblind but only 0.5% of females are colorblind. (a) Assume that the X chromosome with the wild-type allele is X+ and the one with the disease allele is X. What is the expected frequency of each possible female genotype: X+X+, X+X¯, and X-X-? What is the expected frequency of each possible male genotype: X+ Y and X-Y? (b) Suppose that two parents are not colorblind. What is the…arrow_forwardThe shape of a heliodor is an X-linked trait. Male heliodors inherit two X chromosomes, while the females inherit an X and a Y chromosome. The recessive allele codes for the common bell-shape while the dominant phenotype is a round shape . Hudson is a round male and has offspring with Heidi, a bell-shaped female. They already have one daughter, Hannah, who is shaped like her mother. If their next child is a boy, there is a _____% chance it will be round.arrow_forward
- A certain type of deafness in humans is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. A man with this type of deafness married a normal woman, and they are expecting a child. They find out that they are distantly related. Part of the family tree is shown here.How would you advise the parents about the probability of their child being a deaf boy, a deaf girl, a normal boy, or a normal girl? Be sure to state any assumptions that you make.arrow_forwardA gene is termed when one copy is needed for the trait to be expressed genomic dominant recessive importantarrow_forwardRed-green color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive (Xc). If a color-blind man marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision, what would be the expected phenotypes of their children with reference to this character? In your answer, specify in your phenotype descriptions the gender of the children. (For example, don’t just say 75% of the children would be colorblind – you would instead say 100 % of the daughters would be colorblind and 50% of the sons would be colorblind. Note that this is not a correct answer; it is just to give you an idea of how to explain the correct phenotypes of the cross.)___arrow_forward
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