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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- The following DNA sequence has been determined from DNA isolated from a bit of prehistoric amber material (picture). It corresponds to a complete transcriptional unit without introns. Use the Genetic Code to predict the primary sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this preserved DNA. (Show relevant molecular intermediates, and provide detailed and appropriate labels)arrow_forwardThe E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition sequence for the trp repressor would be expected to occur in the E. coli chromosome? (b) Explain why it is advantageous for the trp repressor to be a dimer that recognizes two adjacent 6-bp sequences.arrow_forwardAlthough the genetic code is universal, a few organisms such as Paramecium have a slightly modified version in which UGA, a stop codon for most organisms, codes for tryptophan in Paramecium. Suppose that the researcher wanted to make an in vitro translation system using all of the components from Paramecium. Which of the components, if any, would she need to replace in order to have an in vitro system that was universal? Possible Answers: A. She would need to leave out the P site. B. She would need to leave out the termination factor proteins. C. She would need to leave out the tRNA that recognizes UGA. D. She would need to leave out the ubiquitinarrow_forward
- Knowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human β-globin gene (Shown in Figure 17.11) into bacterial cells, hoping the cells will express it and synthesize functional β-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is nonfunctional and is found to contain many fewer amino acids than does β-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.arrow_forwardBriefly discuss (referring to the images provided) why mutant 2 fails to produce functional protein. Note that none of the mRNA transcribed from this gene is of the expected size; some of the mRNA molecules produced are 223 nucleotides shorter than expected, whilst others are 47 nucleotides longer than expected.arrow_forwardSuppose you had isolated a new transcription factor and wanted to know which genes this protein might regulate. Is there any way that you could use a cDNA microarray of the type shown in the picture to approach this question?arrow_forward
- Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.arrow_forwardNegative supercoiling of DNA favors the transcription of genes because it facilitates unwinding. However, not all promoter sites are stimulated by negative supercoiling. The promoter site for topoisomerase II itself is a noteworthy exception. Negative supercoiling decreases the rate of transcription of this gene. Propose a possible mechanism for this effect and suggest a reason why it may occur.arrow_forwardKnowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human β-globin gene (Shown in Figure 17.11) into bacterial cells, hoping the cells will express it and synthesize functional β-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is nonfunctional and is found to contain many fewer amino acids than does β-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.arrow_forward
- The following DNA sequence has been determined from DNA isolated from a bit of prehistoric amber material. A corresponds to a complete transcriptional unit without entrance. Use the genetic code to predict the primary sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this preserved DNA. (show all work including relevant molecular intermediates, and provide detailed and appropriate labels)arrow_forwardShown below is a schematic drawing of a gene, with the transcription unit divided into numbered regions. The arrows (;) indicate transcription initiation sites, "D" indicates a splice donor site, "A" indicates a splice acceptor site, and "An" indicates a polyadenylation signal. Give all the possible fully processed mRNAs that could be produced from transcripts of this gene (you don't need to draw anything, just list the regions that would be included in each mRNA by number).arrow_forwardUsing the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forward
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