Concept explainers
To review:
The processes of transcription and translation as “coupled” in bacteria is described by Microbiologists. This term indicates that a bacterial mRNA can be undergoing transcription, when it is undergoing translation.
a) The coupling of possible transcription and translation in bacteria is to be described.
b) The possibility of coupling of transcription and translation in single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast is to be cheked.
Introduction:
Transcription is the process of synthesis of new RNA strands from the template one. There is a synthesis of an RNA strand from deoxy nucleotides of the sense strand. The formation of mRNA replaces the Thymine
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- a. In your claim words, depict the contrast between ρ-dependent and ρ-independent end of translation in prokaryotes. b. If you have a given amino acid, can you be able to identify its RNA? Why or why not? c. How does mutation can affect the central dogma and the phenotype?arrow_forwardConsider the following sequence of DNA: 3'-TTA CGG-5'What dipeptide is formed from this DNA after transcription and translation? b. If a mutation converts CGG to CGT in DNA, what dipeptide is formed? c. If a mutation converts CGG to CCG in DNA, what dipeptide is formed? d. If a mutation converts CGG to AGG in DNA, what dipeptide is formed?arrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? A - during initiationB - during elongationC = during terminationD = during protein releasearrow_forward
- a) The deacetylation of histones generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? b)During eukaryotic translation, the first contact between the ribosome and the mRNA is usually made when the small ribosomal subunit directly binds to the translational start site (Kozak sequence) on the mRNA. True or false? c)The termination of translation is carried out by a single tRNA molecule that recognizes all three stop codons. True or false? d) The deamination of cytosine, which produces uracil, is less likely to be repaired, compared to the deamination of 5-methylcytosine, which produces thymine.True or false? e)An HLH-bHLH heterodimer can bind DNA. True or false? F)Chromatin remodeling complexes posseses ATPase activity. True or false? g)Histone methylation generally causes gene inactivation. True or false? h) A pre-mRNA is cleaved downstream of its polyA signal before the transcription terminates. True or false? i) During X chromosome inactivation in female mammals, most genes are repressed…arrow_forwardGiven the following DNA sequence of the template strand for a given gene: 5' TTTCCGTCTCAGGGCTGAAAATGTTTGCTCATCGAACGC3' Part A ) Write the mRNA that will be transcribed from the DNA sequence above (be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends). Part B ) Use the genetic code to write the peptide sequence translated in a cell from the mRNA in part A. Please use the 3 letter abbreviation for each amino acid. Part C: How would the peptide synthesized in a cell be different if the mRNA was translated in vitro (i.e. not in the cell)?arrow_forwardWrite the terms that match the definitions given below. A) A sequence in the leader region of the mRNA thought to be responsible for routing the mRNA on the small ribosomal subunit at the beginning of translation. B) In prokaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 10 bases upstream from the first base transcribed. C) In eukaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 70 bases upstream of the first base to be transcribed. D) In eukaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 25 bases upstream from the first base transcribed.arrow_forward
- Which statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forwardBelow is a template strand of DNA. Assume the transcription start site is outside of this sequence so that the whole sequence is transcribed. After the mRNA is made, what amino acid sequence would be translated from this sequence? Translation begins at the first start codon of the mRNA. DNA template strand: 5’ ...ACTGATGCCCATGGC... 3’ a)Met-Pro-Met b)Ala-Met-Gly-Ile-Ser c)Thr-Asp-Ala-His-Gly d)Met-Gly-Ile-Serarrow_forwardGiven the following DNA sequence of the template (i.e. noncoding) strand for a given gene: 5'ATTGGCTGTTAGAGCGGCCGTCTAAACATCGTTGGA3' Part A) Write the mRNA that will be transcribed from the DNA sequence above (be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends) Part B) Use the genetic code to write the peptide sequence translated in a cell from the mRNA synthesized in part A. Please use the 3 letter abbreviation for each amino acid.arrow_forward
- Using the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? during initiation during elongation during termination during protein releasearrow_forwardIn a eukaryotic cell, four general types of RNA molecules are involved in gene expression. a) What are these four types of RNA? 2. b) Which is not involved in gene expression in prokaryotic cells? Why not?arrow_forward
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