Chapter 5, Problem 17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The curved arrows for acid-base reaction below should be added.

  

Concept introduction:According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The alcohol that is stronger acid from below alcoholson the basis of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ should be determined.

  

Concept introduction:The dissociation constant of acid represents strength of acid in solution. It is denoted by ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ . The expression of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ is as follows:

  ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}=-\log {\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base that has lower potential energy in below reactionshould be determined.

  

Concept introduction:When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relation between below exampleand story should be explained.

  

Concept introduction:When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.