Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 1CTQ
Which elements on the periodic table (other than H) are likely to form
Expert Solution & Answer
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The elements on the periodic table other than hydrogen that forms
Concept introduction: Cations and anions are molecules with a net positive and negative charge. These molecules lost or gain their valance electron to acquire the net charge.
Explanation of Solution
In the periodic table,
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Draw all of the Lewis structures of O22- which obey the octet rule and use this Lewis structure or these resonance structures to predict how many covalent bonds connect each oxygen atom in the real structure to the central O atom. Assume that the octet rule is followed for the O atom when you draw your structure(s). Pick the correct statement from the choices below.
a) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1 covalent bonds.
b) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.33 covalent bonds.
c) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 2 covalent bonds.
d) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.67 covalent bonds.
e) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.25 covalent bonds.
Which of the following can NOT be an exception to the octet rule?
Phosphorus
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Covalent bonds: H―HC―HO―HO═O C≡O Bond energy (kJ/mol):4364154654981080Calculate the enthalpy change (H, in kJ/mol) for the following reaction and indicate whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.(*BE for C═Oin CO2)(a) CH4(g)+ H2O(g)CO(g)+ 3H2(g);
Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 5 - Which elements on the periodic table (other than...Ch. 5 - You will not find “hydroxide” in the stockroom,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 5 - On which do you expect to have a more intense and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 13CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 5 - For each proposed set of resonance structures: a....Ch. 5 - Consider the polarization of the C=O bond in the...Ch. 5 - The C=O double bond is called a “carbonyl bond.”...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 22CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 23CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 24CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 25CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 26CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 27CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 28CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 29CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 30CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 31CTQCh. 5 - Confirm that there is no legitimate Lewis...Ch. 5 - Draw all resonance structures of the molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 34CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 35CTQCh. 5 - Prob. 36CTQCh. 5 - Occasionally, we will see an ionic compound that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2ECh. 5 - Prob. 3ECh. 5 - Prob. 4ECh. 5 - Is it possible to draw a resonance structure of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5 - Prob. 7ECh. 5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5 - Phenol (shown below) has a pKa10 . a. Based on pKa...Ch. 5 - Use curved arrows to show the most likely...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - Complete each Lewis structure, draw all important...Ch. 5 - Use curved arrows to show the most likely...Ch. 5 - Construct an explanation for why sulfuric acid is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5 - Prob. 18E
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- Galium (Ga) is an element in group III with atomic number 31. By referring to the Periodic Table, answer the following questions. Explain how the atomic radius of gallium differs from aluminium. Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from aluminium. Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from germanium. Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from germanium. Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from indium.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are not related as resonance structures? OH (A) (B) (C) (D) ΝΗ OH CH₂ ΝΗ OH 8 Rectangulararrow_forward1) How does the octet rule explain the formation of a chloride ion? a) What noble gas is isoelectronic with the chloride ion? b) Why are Group 17 (7A) elements found in many compounds but not group 18 (8A) elements?arrow_forward
- Which atom in the O-C single bond has a partial positive charge (δ⁺)?arrow_forwardHow many valence electrons are in the pyridinium ion C5H5NH+arrow_forward3-122 Some of the following structural formulas are incorrect because they contain one or more atoms that do not have their normal number of covalent bonds. Which structural formulas are incorrect, and which atom or atoms in each have the incorrect number of bonds?arrow_forward
- 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine atom, (b) a bromine molecule, and (c) a bromide ion? Draw the Lewis structure for each.arrow_forwardWhy do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than cations?arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures to illustrate the covalent bonding in the following diatomic molecules. a. Br2 b. HBr c. BrF d. IBrarrow_forward
- 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine containing compound present in fluoridated tooth pastes and dental gels.arrow_forwardWhich of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd?arrow_forwardWhich of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: P, I, Mg, Cl, In, Cs, O, Pb, Co?arrow_forward
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