Concept explainers
Interpretation: The reason that explains bicarbonate is not a strong base should be determined.
Concept introduction: Lewis structure is a representation of molecules in which dots are shown to represent unshared electrons and lines are shown to represent bonds. These lines and dots represent distribution of electrons in the molecule.
When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of a single-molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- (a) Determine the formal charge of oxygen in the following structure. If the atom is formally neutral, indicate a charge of zero. (b) Draw an alternative Lewis (resonance) structure for the compound given in part (a). Show the unshared pairs and nonzero formal charges in your structure. Don't use radicals. Formal charge on O 0arrow_forwardThe structure of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is shown below. As the name indicates, the molecule is somewhat acidic. Actually, one of the hydrogens on the four OH groups is much more acidic than the other three ones. Which one is the acidic hydrogen? Hints: To find the answer, you will again have to draw some resonance structures of the product formed after loss of H+. Consider the product after the loss of H+ for each of the OH groups. Only two of the OH groups have resonance structures after deprotonation; one of these two groups has a much better resonance structure than the other one (again after deprotonation). Note that the oxygen atom that is part of the five-membered ring has nothing to do with the problem.arrow_forwardDraw an important Lewis Structure showing formal charges and all valence electrons for the anion radical of maleic acid (first intermediate of the mechanism).arrow_forward
- Consider the incomplete structure shown. Draw an alternative Lewis (resonance) structure for the incomplete structure. Show the unshared electron pairs and nonzero formal charges in your structure. Don't use radicals. Determine the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in the structure. If the atom is formally neutral, indicate a charge of zero.arrow_forwardDetermine the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in each of the structures. NH3 NH2 H2N-OH E All nonbonding electrons are shown. What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in structure A? structure B? + What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in structure C? structure D? + What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in structure E? structure F? What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in structure G?arrow_forwardThe most likely Lewis dot structures are those that have small formal charges or no formal charges, especially for the central atom. They also have negative formal charges associated with the atoms of higher electronegativity and positive formal charges assigned to the atoms of lower electronegativity. O True O Falsearrow_forward
- Draw the best Lewis structure for the linear C ion, including all lone pair electrons and non-zero formal charges.arrow_forwardDiazomethane (CH2N2) is an important reagent for the methylation of some organic molecules. Complete Parts 1 and 2 below about this unique reagent. Draw the Lewis structure of diazomethane (CH2N2) that contains a formal charge on carbon and nitrogen. Be sure to include all lone pairs of electrons and formal charges.arrow_forwardHow many resonance structures can be drawn for the hydrogen tellurate ion (HTeO4–) in which the central tellurium atom bears a –1 formal charge and the oxygens bear formal charges of either zero or –1? Enter your answer as a whole number.arrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures for each of the following ions. One atom in each ion has a formal charge that is not zero.Determine which atom it is, and what the formal charge is. (a) the C2H5 anion; (b) the CH3O cation; (c) the CH6N cation;(d) the CH5O cation; (e) the C3H3 anion (all three H atoms are on the same carbon)arrow_forwardComplete the following acid-base reaction, using curved arrows to show the movement of electrons. Write Lewis structures for all reactants and products. Label all acids and bases. Predict the position of the equilibrium and explain your reasoning. NH ноarrow_forwardPlease help with the followingarrow_forward
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