Concept explainers
Interpretation:The most acidic hydrogen in pair of molecules given below should be circled. Also, molecule that haslower value of
Concept introduction:Lewis structure is representation of molecule in which dots are shown to represent unshared electrons and lines are shown to represent bonds. These lines and dots represent distribution of the electrons in the molecule.
When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.
Rules to form resonance structure are as follows:
1. Use arrow types 1 and 2 for resonance structure of anions in movement of negative charge.
2. Use only arrow type 3 to move a positive charge for resonance structure of cations.
3. The sigma bond should not be broken. Any atom must not move from its place and total number of electrons must be same in all resonance structures.
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- For each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid or conjugate base or both if the molecule hasboth a conjugate acid and a conjugate base (e.g., water).arrow_forwardComplete the equation for the reaction between each Lewis acid-base pair. In each equation, label which starting material is the Lewis acid and which is the Lewis base; use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction. In doing this problem, it is essential that you show valence electrons for all atoms participating in each reaction. (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forwardComplete each Lewis structure, draw all important resonance structures, predict a value for thebond angles requested, and explain your reasoning. a. Nitrous acid (HNO2)HONOHON=ONO= b. Enolate ion (C2H3O) HC1C2=HC2C1=arrow_forward
- Explain why the C-H, bond is much more acidic than the C-H, bond in pentan-2-one. Select the single best answer. HH. perfar 0H, is more acidic than H, because loss of H, forms a resonance-stabilized conjugate base. H, is less acidic than H, because loss of H, forms a resonance-stabilized conjugate base. H, is more acidic than H, because loss of H, forms a resonance-stabilized conjugate base. a. H, is less acidic than H, because loss of H, forms a resonance-sta bilized conjugate base.arrow_forward3. Draw 1,3-cyclohexanedione and CIRCLE any a-acidic hydrogens (Box A). Place the number of a-acidic hydrogens in the small box (Box B). Are some a-acidic protons more acidic than others - place an asterisk (*) on any if present.arrow_forwardIdentify the most and the least acidic compound in each of the following sets. Leave the remaining answer in each set blank. a) 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid: v p-nitrobenzoic acid: p-bromobenzoic acid: b) benzoic acid: v formic acid: v propanoic acid: c) cyclohexanol: v phenol: v benzoic acid:arrow_forward
- help please answer in text form with proper workings and explanation for each and every part and steps with concept and introduction no AI no copy paste remember answer must be in proper format with all workingarrow_forwardplease help?arrow_forwardPlease draw the conjugate base for each below as indicated in the picture below and offer a detailed explanation. Thank you so much.arrow_forward
- Which is a stronger acid and has the most stable conjugate base? Estimate the pKA values for both compounds.arrow_forwardRank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity (1 = least acidic, 3 = most acidic) and in the space provided use resonance (of the conjugate base) to explain why the compound you have labelled “3” is the most acidic.arrow_forwardFor each pair of structures, indicate the more acidic molecule. Below or to the right of each set of structures, give a brief description as to why you chose that molecule. ОН ОН а) b) F. HO, HO Farrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning