Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

11th Edition

ISBN: 9781285869759

Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Publisher: Cengage Learning

See similar textbooks

Concept explainers

Formal Charges

Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be ne…

Polarity Of Water

In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in t…

Valence Bond Theory Vbt

Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the forma…

Videos

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.37P

3-37 Answer true or false.

(a) An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions.

(b) An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity.

(c) As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater.

(d) In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine.

(e) The formula of sodium sulfide is Na₂S.

(f) The formula of calcium hydroxide is CaOH.

(g) The formula of aluminum sulfide is MS.

(h) The formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe₂O₂.

(j) Barium ion is Ba₂, and oxide ion is O²^-; there fore, the formula of barium oxide is Ba₂O₂.

Expert Solution & Answer

Chapter 3 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 3.2 - Problem 3-1 Show how the following chemical...Ch. 3.4 - Problem 3-2 Judging from their relative positions...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-3 Write the formulas for the ionic...Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-4 Name these binary ionic compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.5P Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-6 Give each binary compound a systematic...Ch. 3.6 - Problem 3-7 Name these ionic compounds, each of...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.8P Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.9P Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.10P

Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.11P Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.12P Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.13P Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.14P Ch. 3.10 - Problem 3-15 Predict all bond angles for these...Ch. 3.11 - Problem 3-16 Which of these molecules are polar?...Ch. 3 - 3-17 Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule...Ch. 3 - 3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or...Ch. 3 - 3-19 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-20 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion...Ch. 3 - 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion?Ch. 3 - 3-23 Predict which ions are stable: (a) (b) (c)...Ch. 3 - 3-24 Predict which ions are stable: (a) Br2- (b)...Ch. 3 - 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form...Ch. 3 - 3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper:...Ch. 3 - 3-27 Answer true or false. (a) For Group lA and...Ch. 3 - 3-28 Name each polyatomic ion. (a) HCO3- (b) NO2-...Ch. 3 - 3-29 Answer true or false. (a) According to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.30P Ch. 3 - 3-31 Why does electronegativity generally increase...Ch. 3 - 3-32 Judging from their relative positions in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.33P Ch. 3 - 3-34 Which of these bonds is the most polar? The...Ch. 3 - 3-35 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-36 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-37 Answer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is...Ch. 3 - 3-38 Complete the chart by writing formulas for...Ch. 3 - 3-39 Write a formula for the ionic compound formed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.40P Ch. 3 - 3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in...Ch. 3 - 3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these...Ch. 3 - 3-43 Write the formula for the compound formed...Ch. 3 - 3-44 Write the formula for the ionic compound...Ch. 3 - 3-45 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-47 Answer true or false. (a) The name of a...Ch. 3 - 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.49P Ch. 3 - 3-50 Name the polyatomic ion(s) in each compound....Ch. 3 - 3-51 Write the formulas for the ions present in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.52P Ch. 3 - 3-53 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - 3-54 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.55P Ch. 3 - 3-56 How many covalent bonds are normally formed...Ch. 3 - 3-57 What is: (a) A single bond? (b) A double...Ch. 3 - 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.59P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.60P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.61P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.62P Ch. 3 - 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine...Ch. 3 - 3-64 Acetylene (C2H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.65P Ch. 3 - 3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than...Ch. 3 - 3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one...Ch. 3 - 3-68 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.69P Ch. 3 - 3-70 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.71P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.72P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.73P Ch. 3 - 3-74 Answer true or false. (a) A binary covalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.75P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76P Ch. 3 - 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a...Ch. 3 - 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a...Ch. 3 - 3-79 Answer true or false. (a) The letters VSEPR...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.80P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.81P Ch. 3 - 3-82 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.83P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.84P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.85P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.86P Ch. 3 - 3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.88P Ch. 3 - 3-89 Is it possible for a molecule to have no...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.90P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.91P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.92P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.93P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.94P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.95P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.96P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.97P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.98P Ch. 3 - 3-99 Knowing what you do about covalent bonding in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.100P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.101P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.102P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.103P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.104P Ch. 3 - 3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown...Ch. 3 - 3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown...Ch. 3 - 3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.108P Ch. 3 - 3-109 Until several years ago, the two...Ch. 3 - 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.111P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.112P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.113P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.114P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.115P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.116P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.117P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.118P Ch. 3 - 3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room...Ch. 3 - 3-120 Vinyl chloride is the starting material for...Ch. 3 - 3-121 Tetrafluoroethylene is the starting material...Ch. 3 - 3-122 Some of the following structural formulas...Ch. 3 - 3-123 Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has found wide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.124P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.125P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.126P Ch. 3 - 3-127 Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.128P

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Solution Summary: The author explains that an ionic compound is formed between positive and negative charged ions, and the electro negativity difference between two atoms must be large.

Concept explainers

Videos

Chapter 3 Solutions