
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.
The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Chapter 25 Solutions
Study Guide with Selected Solutions for Stoker's General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th
- elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: + H ZH NaBH3CN H+ n. ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? + R H3O+ + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
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- Explain reasons as to why the amount of caffeine extracted from both a singular extraction (5ml Mountain Dew) and a multiple extraction (2 x 5.0ml Mountain Dew) were severely high when compared to coca-cola?arrow_forwardProtecting Groups and Carbonyls 6) The synthesis generates allethrolone that exhibits high insect toxicity but low mammalian toxicity. They are used in pet shampoo, human lice shampoo, and industrial sprays for insects and mosquitos. Propose detailed mechanistic steps to generate the allethrolone label the different types of reagents (Grignard, acid/base protonation, acid/base deprotonation, reduction, oxidation, witting, aldol condensation, Robinson annulation, etc.) III + VI HS HS H+ CH,CH,Li III I II IV CI + P(Ph)3 V ༼ Hint: no strong base added VI S VII IX HO VIII -MgBr HgCl2,HgO HO. isomerization aqeuous solution H,SO, ༽༽༤༽༽ X MeOH Hint: enhances selectivity for reaction at the S X ☑arrow_forwardDraw the complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of this alkene. esc 田 Explanation Check 1 888 Q A slock Add/Remove step Q F4 F5 F6 A བྲA F7 $ % 5 @ 4 2 3 & 6 87 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce W E R T Y U S D LL G H IK DD 요 F8 F9 F10 F1 * ( 8 9 0 O P J K L Z X C V B N M H He commandarrow_forward
- Explanation Check F1 H₂O H₂ Pd 1) MCPBA 2) H3O+ 1) Hg(OAc)2, H₂O 2) NaBH4 OH CI OH OH OH hydration halohydrin formation addition halogenation hydrogenation inhalation hydrogenation hydration ☐ halohydrin formation addition halogenation formation chelation hydrogenation halohydrin formation substitution hydration halogenation addition Ohalohydrin formation subtraction halogenation addition hydrogenation hydration F2 80 F3 σ F4 F5 F6 1 ! 2 # 3 $ 4 % 05 Q W & Å © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. F7 F8 ( 6 7 8 9 LU E R T Y U A F9arrow_forwardShow the mechanism steps to obtain the lowerenergy intermediate: *see imagearrow_forwardSoap is made by the previous reaction *see image. The main difference between one soap and another soap isthe length (number of carbons) of the carboxylic acid. However, if a soap irritates your skin, they mostlikely used too much lye.Detergents have the same chemical structure as soaps except for the functional group. Detergentshave sulfate (R-SO4H) and phosphate (R-PO4H2) functional groups. Draw the above carboxylic acidcarbon chain but as the two variants of detergents. *see imagearrow_forward
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